8 Marcel Kinsbourne, “The Role of Imitation in Body Ownership and Mental Growth,” in Meltzoff and Prinz, pp. 312—30.
9 Lewis, pp. 35—36.
10 Heather Pringle, “Ice Age Communities May Be Earliest Known Net Hunters,” Discover, August 29, 1997.
11 Granet, p. 168.
12 André Gunnel, “Ecstatic Prophesy in the Old Testament,” in Holm, pp. 187—200.
13 Garfinkel, pp. 61-62.
14 Gunnel, p. 34.
15 Patai, p. 242.
16 See Lawler, pp. 238-39.
17 Sachs, pp. 238-39.
18 Ibid., p. 237.
19 Quoted in ibid., p. 238.
20 Quoted in Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational, p. 271.
21 Lawler, p. 92.
22 Evans, p. 52.
23 Nietzsche, p. 23.
24 Ibid., p. 102.
25 Obbink, pp. 65-86.
26 Dodds, Introduction to Euripides, The Bacchae, p. xiv.
27 Evans, p. 140.
28 Calasso, p. 78.
29 Daniélou, p. 39.
30 Turner, The Ritual Process, p. 156.
31 Ibid., p. 160.
32 Ibid.
33 Dodds, Introduction to Euripides, The Bacchae, p. xiv.
34 Joyce, pp. 33-34.
35 Euripides, The Bacchae, p. 202.
36 Joyce, p. 43.
37 Portefaix, p. 205.
38 Vellacott, p. 25.
39 Otto, p. 136.
40 Euripides, The Bacchae, pp. 194-95.
41 Evans, p. 19.
42 Jameson, p. 44.
43 Ibid., p. 47.
44 Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, p. 250.
45 Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational, p. 272.
46 Lawler, p. 50.
47 Burkert, Ancient Mystery Cults, p. 31.
48 Backman, p. 5.
49 Burkert, “Bacchic Teletai in the Hellenistic Age.”
50 Jameson, p. 63.
2. CIVILIZATION AND BACKLASH
1 Euripides, The Bacchae, p. 205.
2 Joyce Marcus and Kent V Flannery, “The Co-Evolution of Ritual and Society: New C-14 Dates from Ancient Mexico,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1, no. 52 (2004): 18257-18261.
3 For more on the shaping of early societies by war, see my book Blood Rites, chapter 9.
4 Quoted in Patai, p. 230.
5 Armstrong, p. 24.
6 Quoted in Evans, p. 149.
7 Lawler, p. 95.
8 Burkert, Ancient Mystery Cults, p. 97.
9 Quoted in ibid., p. 90.
10 Max Weber, The Sociology of Religion, p. 180.
11 Sachs, p. 248.
12 Weber, The Sociology of Religion, p. 180.
13 Quoted in Balsdon, p. 274.
14 The historian Richard Gordon, quoted in Sawyer, p. 122.
15 Sachs, p. 246.
16 Balsdon, p. 275.
17 Juvenal, p. 44.
18 Cumont, p. 29.
19 Gordon Richard, “From Republic to Principate: Priesthood, Religion and Ideology,” in Beard and North, pp. 179-98.
20 Beard, p. 165.
21 Gordon, p. 122.
22 Quoted in ibid., p. 123.
23 Juvenal, p. 50.
24 Quoted in Livy, p. 409.
25 Quoted in Wilken, p. 12.
26 Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed., edited by Simon Hornblower and Anthony Spawforth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 229.
27 Livy, pp. 401-2.
28 Ibid., pp. 406—7.
29 Ibid., p. 402.
30 Ibid., p. 409.
31 Quoted in ibid., p. 410.
32 Balsdon, p. 247.
3. JESUS AND DIONYSUS
1 George Steiner, lecture at Boston University, 1999, reported at www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/1999/features2.html.
2 Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy, The Jesus Mysteries: Was the “Original Jesus” a Pagan God? (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1999), p. 5.
3 See Morton Smith, Jesus the Magician.
4 Euripides, The Bacchae, p. 194.
5 See Chance.
6 Burkert, “Bacchic Teletai in the Hellenistic Age,” p. 21.
7 Kerényi, p. 387.
8 Momigliano, p. 197.
9 Morton Smith, Studies in the Cult of Yahweh, vol 1.
10 Ibid., p. 233.
11 Price.
12 Kerényi, p. 257.
13 Morton Smith, Jesus the Magician, p. 158.
14 Freke and Gandy, p. 52.
15 Cumont, p. 65.
16 “Mystery religions,” Encyclopedia Britannica 2006, Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service, May 30, 2006, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-15867.
17 Quoted in Wilken, p. 96.
18 Quoted in ibid., p. 19.
19 Ibid.
20 Armstrong, p. 87. See also Meeks, pp. 140-63.
21 Robert Jewett, “Are There Allusions to the Love Feast in Romans 13.8—10?” in Julian V. Hills et al., eds., Common Life in the Early Church (Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998), pp. 265-78.
22 Stephen G. Wilson, “Early Christian Music,” in Hills, pp. 390-401. See also Meeks, pp. 144—45.
23 Quoted in Backman, p. 21.
24 Ibid., pp. 21-22.
25 Quoted in Sawyer, p. 104.
26 Quoted in Knox, p. 28.
27 Quoted in Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational, p. 274.
28 Quoted in Boles, p. 68.
29 H. Wayne House, “Tongues and Mystery Religions of Corinth,” Bibliotheca Sacra 140, no. 558 (April 1983): 134.
30 William Samarin, telephone interview with the author, June 30, 1999.
31 See, for example, Morton T. Kelsey, Tongue Speaking: An Experiment in Spiritual Experience (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1964).
32 Quoted by Janet MacIntosh, personal communication with the author, May 5, 2003.
33 “Speaking in Tongues—Believers Relish the Experience,” Los Angeles Times, September 19, 1987.
34 Mary Smalara Collins, “I May Speak in the Tongue of Angels,” U.S. Catholic, March 1994, p. 25.
35 Meeks, p. 149.
36 James Hastings, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, vol. 3 (New York: Scribner’s, no date), p. 371.
37 Meeks, p. 121.
38 Knox, pp. 27-29; Walker, pp. 55-56.
39 Burkert, Ancient Mystery Cults, p. 43.
40 Brown, p. 147.
41 Quoted in ibid., p. 140.
42 Walker, p. 47.
43 Quoted in Backman, p. 25.
44 Quoted in ibid., pp. 30—31.
45 Quoted in ibid., p. 32.
46 Quoted in Evans, p. 20.
47 Lewis, p. 34.
48 Ibid., p. 132.
49 Weber, The Sociology of Religion, p. 161.
50 Ibid., p. 160.
51 Ibid., p. 178.
4. FROM THE CHURCHES TO THE STREETS: THE CREATION OF CARNIVAL
1 Gurevich, p. 180.
2 Hutton, p. 65.
3 Delumeau, pp. 73-74.
4 Chambers, p. 161.
5 Lonsdale, Animals and the Origins of Dance, p. 29.
6 Backman, p. 157.
7 Cambrensis, p. 92.
8 Backman, p. 51.
9 Ibid., p. 91.
10 Doob, p. 125.
11 Cohn, pp. 136—41.
12 Hecker, p. 8.
13 Ibid., p. 2.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid., p. 12.
16 Donaldson, Cavanagh, and Rankin, pp. 201-4.
17 Hecker, p. 21.
18 Ibid., p. 2.
19 Ibid., p. 21.
20 Davis, Society and Culture in Early Modern France, p. 137.
21 Quoted in Orloff, p. 178.
22 Quoted in ibid., p. 187.
23 Chambers, p. 325.
24 Quoted in ibid., p. 294.
25 Ibid., p. 292.
26 Ibid., p. 332.
27 Ibid., p. 98.
28 Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 51.
29 William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, act 2, scene 5, lines 876—81.
30 Goethe, p. 390.
5. KILLING CARNIVAL: REFORMATION AND REPRESSION
1 Scribner, pp. 303-29.
2 Desplat.
3 Chouraqui.
4 Hoffman, pp. 46-54.
5 Hill, p. 154.
6 Quoted in Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 54.
7 Quoted in Elias and Dunning, p. 178.
8 Hill, p. 59.
9 Stallybrass and White, p. 176.
10 Quoted in Hoffman, p. 52.
11 Quoted in Malcolmson, p. 105.
12 Hill, p. 121.
13 Weber, The Protestant Ethic, p. 168.
14 Quoted in Humphrey, p. 33.
15 Quoted in Stallybrass and White, p. 13.
16 Quoted in Bakhtin, p. 75.
17 Quoted in Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 47.
18 Ladurie, The French Peasantry, p. 367.
19 Quoted in Ladurie, Carnival in Romans, p. 100.
20 Jan Darby, “Robin Hood: The Lord of Misrule,” Renaissance 9, no. 3 (2004): 41—46.
21 Muir, p. 106.
22 Davis, Society and Culture in Early Modern France, p. 119.
23 Weidkuhn, p. 39.
24 Ladurie, Carnival in Romans, pp. 178-80.
25 Thompson, Customs in Common, p. 68.
26 Quoted in ibid., p. 234.
27 Stallybrass and White, p. 14.
28 Quoted in Burke, p. 217.
29 Ibid.
30 Scribner, p. 317.
31 Burke, p. 217.
32 Quoted in Tripp, p. 136.
33 Scribner, p. 309.
34 Weidkuhn, p. 42.
35 Scribner, p. 321.
36 Weidkuhn, p. 40.
37 Walzer, p. 45.
38 Ladurie, Carnival in Romans, p. 42.
39 Ibid., p. 96.
40 Ibid., p. 101.
41 Ingram, p. 82. See also Underdown, p. 58.
42 Ozouf, p. 238.
43 Ibid., p. 239.
44 Ibid., p. 241.
45 Ibid.
46 Ibid., p. 89.
47 Quoted in ibid., p. 236.
48 Ruiz, p. 311.
49 Twycross, p. 20.
50 Nijsten.
51 Ruiz, p. 311.
52 Ladurie, Carnival in Romans, p. 313.
53 Chouraqui.
54 Spencer, p. 369.
55 Quoted in Thompson, Customs in Common, pp. 56-57.
56 Muir, p. 37.
57 Quoted in Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre, p. 133.
58 Ibid., p. 133.
59 Malcolmson, p. 165.
60 Elias, Power and Civility, pp. 236—37.
61 Ibid., p. 271.
62 Quoted in ibid., pp. 65-66.
63 Ibid., p. 69.
64 Castiglione, p. 75.
65 Greenblatt, p. 103.
6. A NOTE ON PURITANISM AND MILITARY REFORM
1 Huntington, p. 111.
2 Vasil’ev, p. 78.
3 Hakima, p. 35. (I am grateful to Elizabeth Thompson for finding and translating this passage.)
4 Geoffrey Parker, pp. 20-21.
5 McNeill, The Pursuit of Power, pp. 129—30.
6 Feld, p. 422.
7 Walzer, p. 278.
8 Quoted in ibid., p. 287.
9 Corancez, p. 8.
10 Gilsenan.
11 Weber, The Religion of China, pp. 27—28.
12 Ibid., pp. 145-46.
7. AN EPIDEMIC OF MELANCHOLY
1 Quoted in Doughty, p. 259.
2 Quoted in Oppenheim, p. 14.
3 Boswell, p. 44.
4 Quoted in Jamison, p. 232.
5 Solomon, p. 299.
6 Quoted in Sánchez, p. 157.
7 Trossbach, p. 5.
8 Goldstein, p. 97.
9 Klerman and Weissman.
10 “Mental Disorders, Depression Set to Rise, UN Says,” Reuters, January 11, 2001.
11 Boswell, p. 152.
12 Quoted in Porter, p. 84.
13 Quoted in ibid., p. 96.
14 Quoted in Solomon, p. 300.
15 Quoted in Wolpert, p. 7.
16 Quoted in Julius H. Rubin, p. 8.
17 Burton, p. 16.
18 Porter, pp. 82, 87.
19 Kinsman, p. 275.
20 Burton, p. 346.
21 Boswell, p. 127.
22 Quoted in Newton, p. 99.
23 Quoted in James, p. 136.
24 Styron, p. 45.
25 James, p. 132.
26 Quoted in Coffin, p. 270.
27 Quoted in Newton, p. 100.
28 Trilling, p. 19.
29 Sass, p. 2.
30 See Hsia, Tuan, and Sass.
31 Davis, The Return of Martin Guerre, p. 40.
32 Burton, p. 53.
33 Trilling, p. 19.
34 Tuan, p. 139.
35 Ibid.
36 Klerman and Weissman. See also Baumeister and Leary.
37 Durkheim, Suicide, p. 336.
38 Oppenheim, p. 7.
39 Quoted in Brann, p. 70.
40 Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, p. 106.
41 Bunyan, Pilgrim’s Progress, p. 15.
42 Bunyan, Grace Abounding, p. 24.
43 Weber, The Protestant Ethic, p. 104.
44 Ibid., p. 119.
45 William Buchan, quoted in Jackson, p. 37.
46 Bunyan, Grace Abounding, p. 14.
47 Quoted in Mazlish, p. 68.
48 Quoted in ibid., p. 69.
49 Quoted in Mitzman, p. 48.
50 Quoted in ibid., pp. 49-50.
51 Ibid.
52 Durkheim, Suicide, p. 154.
53 Hsia, pp. 162-65.
54 Quoted in Ozouf, p. 15.
55 Quoted in Stallybrass and White, p. 182.
56 Ibid., p. 171.
57 Ibid., p. 176.
58 Burton, p. 482.
59 Ibid., p. 451.
60 Ibid., p. 89.
61 Quoted in Kinsman, p. 291.
62 Browne, p. 55.
63 Ibid., p. 16.
64 Ibid., p. 65.
65 Quoted in Malcolmson, p. 71.
66 Quoted in Burkert, Ancient Mystery Cults, p. 113.
67 Solomon, p. 296.
68 Katz, p. 54.
69 Crapanzano, pp. 4-5.
70 “Global Youth,” For di People (Freetown, Sierra Leone), April 28, 2001.
71 Hecker, p. 20.