1. Richard.
2. His name is variously given in the sources as Aimery, Aimeri, Amaury, and Adhemar.
3. Adam of Eynsham.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Roger of Hoveden; Richard.
9. Roger of Hoveden.
10. (Charter Rolls.) It is sometimes claimed in modern biographies that Eleanor and Berengaria actually visited Turpenay, but a charter of Maurice, Bishop of Poitiers, confirms that "this gift was made by the Queen at Fontevrault," where she "invested Luke, Abbot of Turpenay, with it, in the presence of Peter of Capua, cardinal, and many others."
11. Roger of Hoveden.
12. Richard.
13. Calendar of Documents, ed. Round; Charter Rolls.
14. Charter Rolls.
15. She had borne a daughter, Mary or Wilhelmina, the previous year; this daughter later married Bernard of Elbine, Prince of Orange.
16. Calendar of Documents, ed. Round.
17. Charter Rolls; Richard.
18. Charter Rolls.
19. Ibid.
20. Richard.
21. Roger of Hoveden.
22. L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechale.
403
23. Roger of Hoveden; Ralph of Coggeshall.
24. Ralph of Coggeshall.
25. Ralph of Diceto.
26. Ibid.; Ralph of Coggeshall; Roger of Hoveden; L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechale.
27. Ralph of Diceto.
28. Richard; Rigord; Foedera.
29. Charter Rolls.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. For Joanna's veiling and death, see Roger of Hoveden.
36. Some genealogical works give his name as Betrand, perhaps confusing him with Count Raymond's illegitimate son Bertrand. It is far more likely that he was named after the late King Richard.
37. Charter Rolk
38. Ibid.; Richard.
39. For this episode, see Roger of Hoveden.
40. Roger of Hoveden.
41. Gervase of Canterbury.
42. Roger of Hoveden.
43. Gervase of Canterbury.
44. Richard.
45. Roger of Hoveden; some modern writers assert that Eleanor left before the truce was concluded, but it is clear from this account that she did not.
46. Some books state that there were three unmarried daughters, including the eldest, Berengaria, but she had married Alfonso IX of Leon, as his second wife, in 1198.
47. Pierre Vidal, Poesio. Queen Eleanor of Castile lived until 1214; she and King John were the only two of Eleanor's children to survive her.
48. Quoted in Appel, Provenzalische Chrestomathie.
49. Roger of Hoveden.
50. Ibid.
21 "The Brood of the Wicked Shall Not Thrive"
1. Charter Rolls.
2. Roger of Hoveden; Ralph of Diceto; Rigord. Hugh of Lincoln bore witness to this hatred when he visited Arthur in Paris and advised him to show himself friendly towards John in order to preserve the peace.
3. Roger of Hoveden; Ralph of Diceto; Rigord.
4. Roger of Hoveden.
5. Foedera.
6. Ralph of Diceto; Richard.
404
7. Ralph de Lusignan had acquired the county of Eu by marriage to its Norman heiress.
8. Roger of Hoveden.
9. Guillaume le Breton.
10. Roger of Hoveden.
11. Aymer died in the summer of 1202, whereupon John succeeded him as Count of Angouleme.
12. Roger of Hoveden.
13. Ibid.; L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechale; Chronique de Touraine; Annals of Bury St Edmunds (in Annales Monastici).
14. Ralph of Coggeshall.
15. Roger of Wendover.
16. Matthew Paris.
17. Ibid. Matthew Paris claimed he was told this by an eyewitness.
18. After King John's death in 1216, Isabella of Angouleme married Hugh X de Lusignan, the son of her former betrothed.
19. Ralph of Diceto.
20. Adam of Eynsham.
21. Roger of Wendover; Ralph of Diceto; Roger of Hoveden.
22. Foedera.
23. Charter Rolb.
24. Ibid.
25. Roger of Wendover.
26. Roger of Hoveden; Rigord.
27. Rigord.
28. Her body remained unburied until the church at Villeneuve was completed in 1225, when she was interred there beside Guy of Thouars and their daughter Alice.
29. Gervase of Canterbury.
30. Ralph of Coggeshall.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid. Marie, Philip's daughter by Agnes of Meran, was five years old.
33. Rigord; Guillaume le Breton; Roger of Wendover.
34. Roger of Wendover.
35. Calendar of Documents, ed. Round.
36. Ralph of Coggeshall.
37. Ibid.; Guillaume le Breton; Chronique des eglises d'Anjou; Roger of Wendover.
38. Ralph of Coggeshall.
39. L'Histoire des dues de Normandie.
40. Letter from King John to the English barons, quoted by Ralph of Coggeshall.
41. Ralph of Coggeshall.
42. L'Histoire des dues de Normandie.
43. Guillaume le Breton; Ralph of Coggeshall.
44. Roger of Wendover.
45. Ralph of Coggeshall.
405
46. L'Histoire des dues de Normandie.
47. Ralph of Coggeshall.
48. Ibid.
49. Roger of Wendover.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52. John's quarrel with the Lusignans was not resolved until 1214, when Hugh's son, the future Hugh X, was betrothed to Joanna, the daughter of John and Isabella. After John's death, the betrothal was broken and Isabella herself married Hugh X.
53. There she would remain, albeit generously treated, until her death forty years later in the reign of John's son, Henry III.
54. Roger of Wendover.
55. Ralph of Coggeshall; Matthew Paris.
56. Ralph of Coggeshall.
57. Roger of Wendover.
58. Chronique des eglises d'Anjou.
22 "A Candle Goeth Out"
1. Ralph of Coggeshall.
2. Roger of Wendover.
3. Ralph of Coggeshall.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechale.
7. Ibid.
8. Roger of Wendover.
9. Rotuli Litterarum Patentium; Ralph of Coggeshall.
10. Rotuli Litterarum Patentium.
11. Roger of Wendover.
12. Guillaume le Breton.
13. Ibid.
14. Annals of Margam (in Annales Monastici).
15. Ibid.
16. Matthew Paris.
17. Rotuli Litterarum Patentium.
18. Most notably Richard and Powicke.
19. Ralph of Coggeshall; Chronicle of Lanercost.
20. Referred to in Powicke, The Loss of Normandy.
21. Ralph of Coggeshall.
22. Annals of Margam.
23. Matthew Paris.
24. Roger of Wendover.
25. Rigord; Guillaume le Breton.
26. L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechale.
406
27. Roger of Wendover.
28. Ibid.
29. L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechale.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ralph of Coggeshall.
33. Ibid.
34. Annals of Waverley (in Annales Monastici). Some later sources, notably L'art de verifier les dates, give the date of Eleanor's death incorrectly as 31 March.
35. Isabella was buried at Fontevrault on her death in 1246. Drawings of all the effigies prior to restoration were produced by C. A. Stothard in The Monumental Effigies of Great Britain, 1876.
3
6. Joanna's tomb was irrevocably damaged during the French Revolution.
37. A record of all those souls to be prayed for by the community.
38. Quoted in Bienvenu, Alienor d'Aquitaine et Fontevraud.
39. Liberate Rolb.
40. Charter Rolls.
41. Philippe Mouskes, Chronique Rimee (quoted by Marion Meade in Eleanor of Aquitaine).
407
Genealogical Tables
408
[Genealogical Table removed]
409
[Genealogical Table removed]
410
[Genealogical Table removed]
411
[Genealogical Table removed]
412
[Genealogical Table removed]
413
[Genealogical Table removed]
414
[Genealogical Table removed]
415
[Genealogical Table removed]
416
[Genealogical Table removed]
417
[Genealogical Table removed]
418
[Genealogical Table removed]
419
[Genealogical Table removed]
420
[Genealogical Table removed]
421
[Genealogical Table removed]
422
[Genealogical Table removed]
423
Index
Abelard, Peter, 27, 28, 33-34, 348
Abingdon Abbey, Bucks, 127
Abraham, royal messenger, 208
Achard, Lord of Chalus, 310
Acquapendente, Italy, 72, 266
Acre (Akko), Outremer, 68, 70, 229, 265, 267, 269, 278, 279, 308, 351
Adam, Richard Is cook, 312 Adam of Eynsham, 123, 347, 404 Addison, Joseph, 166 Adelaide of Maurienne, Queen of France, 22, 32-33, 42-43, 54 Adela of Champagne, Queen of France, 152, 164, 223 Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois, 79 Adela of Normandy, Duchess of Aquitaine, 7 Adelard of Bath, 81, 119 Adeliza of Louvain, Queen of England, 126 Adolf of Altena, Archbishop of Cologne, 295-297 Adrian IV, Pope, 145, 191 Adrianople, Greece, 56 Aelith of Aquitaine (see Patronilla) Aenor of Chatellerault, Duchess of Aquitaine, 12-14, I5 Agatha, royal governess, 169, 313 Agen, Aquitaine, 305 Agen, Bishop of, 227
Agnell, Thomas, Archdeacon of Wells, 126, 229, 231 Agnes of Aquitaine, Abbess of Millezais, 38 Agnes of Blois, 251 Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine, Countess of Anjou, 8 Agnes of Meran, 331, 332 Ailred of Rievaulx, 131 Aimar, Count of Limoges, 310, 331 Aimery, Viscount of Thouars, 295, 314, 315, 322-323, 329-330, 335, 337
Aimery I de Rochefoucauld, Viscount of Chatellerault, 12 Aimery of Limoges, Patriarch of Antioch, 63 Alaiz, Viscountess of Ventadour, 97-98 d'Albini, Ralph, 122 d'Albini, William, Earl of Arundel, 169, 292 Alençon, Normandy, 200, 244 Alexander III, Pope, 153, 154, 160-163, 168, 179-182, 184, 189-192, 195, 198, 214-216, 220, 224, 237, 242, 290-291 Alexandria, Egypt, 131 Alfonso, IX, King of Leon, 319 Alfonso II, King of Aragon, 198, 294 Alfonso Jordan, Count of Toulouse, 14, 24, 37, 50, 68 Alfonso VII, King of Castile, 101
424
Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, 185, 221, 324, 332
Alfonso X, King of Castile, 258
Alice, Queen of Antioch, 64
Alice of Maurienne, xi, 191, 194, 195, 198, 206-207
Alix of France, Countess of Blois, xi, 73, 88, 96, 129, 161, 308
Aliza, Prioress of Fontevrault, 326
Alnwick, Northld., 208, 210
Alys of France, Countess of Ponthieu, xi, 152, 177, 206, 207, 215, 220, 221, 229, 232, 235, 236, 241-243, 245, 250, 256-258, 260, 261, 264-265, 273, 281, 288, 301, 304
Amaria, Eleanor's maid, 212, 218, 236
Amboise, Touraine, 76, 185
Ambrose, historian, 257, 260
Amelie of Cognac, 389
Amesbury Abbey, Wilts., 130, 274
Anacletus, anti-pope, 14
Anatolia (Anadolu), Asia Minor, 59
Andelys, Normandy, 304
Andilly, Poitou, 318
Andreas Capellanus (Andrew the Chaplain), 175
Angers, Bishop of, 312
Angers, City of, 75, 81, 86, 97, 123, 164, 167, 179, 221, 234, 315, 335
Angouleme, City and County of, 5, 6, 37, 170, 178, 204, 327
Anjou, County of, 5, 21, 74-77, 86, 97, 101, 128, 144, 145, 153, 163, 168, 172, 174, 177, 179, 182, 204, 209, 224, 225, 229, 232, 235, 239, 243-245, 257, 293, 301, 315, 332, 342, 344
Annweiler, Germany, 282
Anselm, chaplain to Richard I, 279, 350
Antioch, City and Principality of, 11, 18, 45, 48, 56, 60, 62-67, 72
Antwerp, Flanders, 297
Aquitaine, Duchy of, 5-10, 13, 16-20, 22, 24, 35, 47, 49, 50, 51, 69, 74, 75, 84, 86-87, 89-91, 95-97, 128, 144-146, 150, 154, 167-174, 177-179, 185, 192, 194, 196, 199, 205, 212, 214, 215, 217, 221, 222, 224-226, 229, 232, 236-239, 242, 248, 254, 255, 293, 301, 305-308, 314, 316-318, 320, 322, 330, 331, 344
Aragon, Kingdom of, 14 d'Arbrissel, Robert, 11-12 Areley Regis, Worcs., 349 Aremburga of Maine, Countess of Anjou, 76 Argentan, Normandy, 78, 150, 170, 177, 189, 200, 214, 225 Arnulf, Bishop of Lisieux, 78, 189-190 Arques, Normandy, 204 Arras, Flanders, 308 Arsuf, Outremer, 269 Arthur, Duke of Brittany, 131, 241, 252, 257, 264, 268, 281, 304, 305, 308, 311, 315-316, 320, 322, 326, 331-340
Arthur, legenday King of Britain, 8, 14, 81, 130-132, 179, 264, 347, 349, 35i Artois, County of, 268 Arundel, Earl of (see d'Albini) Ascalon, Outremer, 269 Attalia (Antalya), Asia Minor, 60, 62 Audearde of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine, 8 Aumale, Normandy, 204, 308 Auvergne, Count of, 169 Auvergne, County of, 5, 194 Auxerre, Burgundy, 72, 117, 141 Avranches, Bishop of, 319 Avranches, Cathedral and City of, 192, 194, 195, 341 Aymer, Count of Angouleme, 324, 327-338, 330 Aymer, Viscount of Limoges, 19 Azay-le-Rideau, Touraine, 244
Babastro, Battle of, 8
Baghdad, Caliph and City of, 71
Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, 237, 245, 249, 252, 253, 268, 282, 349
425
Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, 77
Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem, 53, 68, 77
Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem, 237, 242
Baldwin VIII, Count of Flanders, 269
Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders, 308
Ballan, Maine, 245
Banaum Castle, Poitou, 317
Barbary Coast, Africa, 70
Barbezieux, Rigaud de, 175, 308
Barbieux Abbey, France, 223
Barfleur, Normandy, 96, 97, 102, 151, 180, 206, 209, 239, 250, 299
Barnwell Annalist, 319, 347
Barri, Gerald de (see Giraldus Cambrensis)
Barri, William de, 347-348
Basili, Peter (see Gurdun, Bertram de)
Bayeux, Bishops of, 300, 319
Bayeux, Normandy, 127, 179, 186, 341. 351
Baynard's Castle, London, 114
Bayonne, Bishop of, 180
Bayonne, Gascony, 15, 172, 258
Beatrix of Beziers, 305
Beaufort Castle, Anjou, 312
Beaugency, France, 87
Beaumont, Robert de, 2nd Earl of Leicester, 141, 146, 150, 205-206
Beaumont, Robert de, 3rd Earl of Leicester, 205-206, 249, 288
Beaumont Palace, Oxford (see the King's House)
Beauvais, Normandy, 151, 252
Bee Abbey, Normandy, 169
Becket, Thomas, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, 27, 82, 109, 114, 141-144, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 155-162, 167-168, 178-181, 184-192, 196, 198, 207-209, 215, 222, 235, 266, 270, 297, 313, 319, 320, 347, 349, 350, 352, 385
Bedford Castle and Town of, Beds., 118, 122
Beit-Nuba, Outremer, 273
Bela III, King of Hungary, 229, 279
Belin, Castle of, Bordeaux, 13
Bellebelle, mistress of Henry II, 236
Bellesmains, John de, Bishop of Poitiers, 164, 184
Belmeis, Richard de, Bishop of London, 144
Benedict, Abbot of Chiusa, 191 Berengaria of Barcelona, 150
Berengaria of Nav
arre, Queen of England, 258, 260-261, 263-267, 269, 272, 277, 294, 298, 302, 304, 305, 307, 311-313, 316, 317, 331, 398
Berengaria of Portugal, 319
Berkhampstead Castle, Herts., 159, 160, 235
Bermondsey Abbey and Palace, London, 103, 141, 144
Bernard, St., Abbot of Clairvaux, 14, 31, 33-35, 39, 41-46, 49-52, 73, 74, 84, 86, 87
Bernard de Ventadour, 16, 17, 97-102, 131
Berry, County of, 5, 21, 177, 221, 241, 242, 301
Bertha of Sulzbach (see Irene, Empress of Byzantium)
Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, 10, 14
Berwick, Scodand (now Northld.), 209
Bethizy, Paris, 22, 27
Bewdley, Worcs., 349
Bigod, Hugh, Earl of Norfolk, 206, 208
Bishop's Lynn, Norfolk (see King's Lynn)
Blachernae Palace, Constantinople, 57
Blanche of Castile, Queen of France, 324-326
Blaye, Aquitaine, 15, 150
Bleddri of Wales, 14
Bloet, Nesta, 94
Bloet, Sir Ralph, 94
Blois, Cathedral, City and County of, 7, 21, 75, 89
426
Burgos, Cathedral and City of, Castile, 221, 324
Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, 100, 146, 206, 297, 349
Cadmos, Mount, Pahlagonia, 61, 72
Caen, Normandy, 111, 123, 168, 179, 180, 225, 293, 300, 332, 334, 341, 35i
Caerleon-on-Usk, Wales, 131
Cahors, City of, 150
Calabria, Italy, 72, 262
Calais, France, 255
Cambridge, City and University of, 151
Canterbury, Cathedral and City of, 115, 155-156, 184-188, 192, 195, 198, 207-208, 215, 222, 255, 297, 313, 319, 329, 342, 347, 349
Cape Malea, Greece, 70
Capet, Royal House of, 21
Cappadocia, Asia Minor, 60
Carduc, Chancellor of France, 38
Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight, 169
Carlisle, Cumberland, 80, 147, 206
Cassee, Toulouse, 317
Castello Radulphi, Rome, 266, 286
Castile, Kingdom of, 14, 323