Finishing Austerity Britain was indisputably my major achievement of the month, more satisfying, even, than sitting in a plush seat and applauding for three and a half hours while other people collected statuettes. A month ago I had read less than a third of the book, yet it was already becoming apparent that Kynaston’s research, the eccentric depth and breadth of it, was going to provide more pleasure than one had any right to expect; there were occasions during the last few hundred pages when it made me laugh. At one point, Kynaston quotes a 1948 press release from the chairman of Hoover, and adds in a helpful parenthetical aside that it was ‘probably written for him by a young Muriel Spark’. The joy that extra information brings is undeniable, but once you get to know Kynaston, you will come to recognize the pain and frustration hidden in that word ‘probably’: how many hours of his life, you wonder, were spent trying to remove it?
While I was reading about the birth of our National Health Service, President Obama was winning his battle to extend health care in America; it’s salutary, then, to listen to the recollections of the doctors who treated working-class Britons in those early days:
‘I certainly found when the Health Service started on the 5th July ’48 that for the first six months I had as many as twenty or thirty ladies come to me who had the most unbelievable gynaecological conditions – I mean, of that twenty or thirty there would be at least ten who had complete prolapse of their womb, and they had to hold it up with a towel as if they had a large nappy on.’
Some eight million pairs of free spectacles were provided in the first year, as well as countless false teeth. It’s not that people were dying without free health care; it’s that their quality of life was extraordinarily, needlessly low. Before the NHS, we were fumbling around half blind, unable to chew and swaddled in giant home-made sanitary napkins; is it possible that in twenty-first-century America, the poor are doing the same? Two of the most distinctive looks in rock and roll were provided by the NHS, by the way. John Lennon’s specs of choice were the 422 Panto Round Oval; meanwhile, Elvis Costello favoured the 524 Contour. What, you think David Kynaston would have failed to provide the serial numbers? Panto Round Oval, by the way, would be a pretty cool name for a band. Be my guest, but thank me in the acknowledgements.
My parents were in their twenties during the period covered in Austerity Britain, and it’s easy to see why they and their generation went crazy when we asked for the simplest things – new hi-fis, Chopper bikes, Yes triple albums – when we were in our teens. They weren’t lying; they really didn’t have stuff like that when they were young. Some 35 per cent of urban households didn’t have a fixed bath; nearly 20 per cent didn’t have exclusive access to a toilet. One of the many people whose diaries provide Kynaston with the backbone to this book describes her father travelling from Leicester to West London, a distance of over a hundred miles, to watch the 1949 FA Cup Final, the equivalent of the Super Bowl back then. He didn’t go all that way because he had a ticket for the game; it was just that he’d been invited to watch a friend’s nine-inch black and white television. We stayed in the Beverly Wilshire for the Oscars, thank you for asking. It was OK.
I haven’t read Puzzled People, the Mass Observation book published in 1947 about contemporary attitudes to spirituality, all the way through. (As I explained last month – please keep up – Mass Observation was a sociological experiment in which several hundred people were asked to keep diaries and, occasionally, to answer questionnaires; the results have provided historians, including David Kynaston, with a unique source of information.) And you don’t need to read the whole thing, anyway. The oblique, first-person responses to metaphysical matters are ideal, if you have a spare moment to dabble in some found poetry – and who doesn’t, really? – much as the surreality of the Clinton/Lewinsky testimony led to the brilliant little book Poetry Under Oath a few years back. (‘I don’t know / That I said that / I don’t / I don’t remember / What I said / And I don’t remember / To whom I said it.’) Here are a couple I made at home:
The Purpose of Life
Now you’ve caught me.
I’ve no idea.
My life’s all work
And having babies.
Well, I think we’re all cogs
Of one big machine.
What I’m wondering is,
What is the machine for?
That’s your query.
Jesus
I wouldn’t mind
Being like Him
But He was too good.
Didn’t He say
‘Be ye perfect’
Or something like that?
Well,
That’s just
Ridiculous
I bought Fishing in Utopia because I found myself in a small and clearly struggling independent village bookshop, and I was desperate to give the proprietor some money, but it was a struggle to find anything that I could imagine myself reading, among all the cookbooks and local histories. And sometimes imagination is enough. Surely we all occasionally buy books because of a daydream we’re having – a little fantasy about the people we might turn into one day, when our lives are different, quieter, more introspective, and when all the urgent reading, whatever that might be, has been done. We never arrive at that point, needless to say, but Fishing in Utopia – quirky, obviously smart, quiet and contemplative – is exactly the sort of thing I was going to pick up when I became someone else. By reading it now, I have got ahead of myself; I suspect that the vulgarity of awards season propelled me into my own future.
And in any case, the Sweden that Andrew Brown knew in the late 1970s and early 1980s is not a million miles, or even forty years, away from Austerity Britain. Our post-war Labour government was in some ways as paternalistic, and as dogged and dour in its pursuit of a more egalitarian society, as Olof Palme’s Social Democrats, and one can’t help but feel a sense of loss: there was a time when we were encouraged to think and act collectively, in ways that were not always designed to further individual self-interest. In England after the war, no TV was shown between the hours of 6 p.m. and 8 p.m., a hiatus that became known as the Toddlers’ Truce. The BBC decided that bedtime was stressful enough for parents as it was; and, as there was only one TV channel in the UK until 1955, childless viewers were left to twiddle their thumbs. In Olof Palme’s Sweden, you bought booze in much the same way as you bought pornography: furtively, and from the back of a shady-looking shop. It would be nice to think that we have arrived at our current modus vivendi – children watching thirty-plus hours of TV a week, young people with a savage binge-drinking problem (in the UK, at least) – after prolonged national debates about individual liberty versus the greater good, but of course it just happened, mostly because the free market wanted it to. I may not have sold Fishing in Utopia to you unless you are at least a bit Swedish and/or you like casting flies. But Andrew Brown demonstrates that any subject under the sun, however unpromising, can be riveting, complex and resonant, if approached with intelligence and an elegant prose style. He even throws in a dreamy, mystical passage about the meaning and consolations of death, and you don’t come across many of those.
Despite my affection for my German publishers, and for Cologne, the city in which my German publishers live, I wasn’t particularly looking forward to reading at lit.COLOGNE, the hugely successful literary festival that takes place there every March. I had been travelling a lot (I was actually nominated for an Academy Award this year, believe it or not, and that necessitated quite a lot of schlepping around), and the novel I was reading from feels as though it came out a lifetime ago, and I hadn’t written anything for the best part of a year. And then, the morning after my reading, I was in Cologne Cathedral with Patti Smith and our German editor, admiring the beautiful new Gerhard Richter window, and I remembered what’s so great about literary festivals: stuff like that usually happens. It’s not always Patti Smith, of course, but it’s frequently someone interesting, someone whose work has meant a lot to me over the years, and I
end up wondering what I could possibly have written in these twenty-four hours that would have justified missing out on the experience. I started Just Kids on the plane home and finished it a couple of days later.
Like Dylan’s Chronicles, it’s a riveting analysis of how an artist ended up the way she did (and as I get older, books about the sources of creativity are becoming especially interesting to me, for reasons I don’t wish to think about), and all the things she read and listened to and looked at that helped her along the way. And it was a long journey, too. Smith arrived in New York in the summer of 1967, and her first album was released in 1975. In between there was drawing, and then poetry, and then poetry readings with a guitar, and then readings with a guitar and a piano … And yet this story, the story of how a New Jersey teenager turned into Patti Smith, is only a subplot, because Just Kids is about her relationship with Robert Mapplethorpe, the young man she met on her very first day in New York City, fell in love with, lived with and remained devoted to for the rest of his short life. One of the most impressive things about Just Kids is its discipline: that’s Smith’s subject, and she sticks to it, and everything else we learn about her comes to us through the prism of that narrative.
There is a lot in this book about being young in New York in the 1970s – the Chelsea Hotel, Warhol and Edie Sedgwick, Wayne County and Max’s Kansas City, Tom Verlaine and Richard Lloyd, Gregory Corso and Sam Shepard. And of course one feels a pang, the sort of ache that comes from being the wrong age in the wrong place at the wrong time. The truth is, though, that many of us – most of us – could have been right outside the front door of Max’s Kansas City and never taken the trouble (or plucked up the courage) to open it. You had to be Patti Smith, or somebody just as committed to a certain idea of life and how to live it, to do that. I felt a different kind of longing while reading Just Kids. I wanted to go back to a time when cities were cheap and full of junk, and on every side street there was a shop with dusty windows that sold radiograms and soul albums with the corners cut off, or second-hand books that nobody had taken the trouble to value. (Smith always seems to be finding copies of Love and Mr Lewisham signed by H. G. Wells, or complete sets of Henry James, the sale of which pays the rent for a couple of weeks.) Now it’s just lattes and bottles of banana foot lotion, and it’s difficult to see how banana foot lotion will end up producing the Patti Smiths of the twenty-first century; she needed the possibilities of the city, its apparently inexhaustible pleasures and surprises. Anyway, I loved Just Kids, and I will treasure my signed hardback until I die – when, like all my other precious signed first editions, it will be sold by my sons, for much less than it will be worth, probably to fund their gambling habits. And then, perhaps, it will be bought second hand by a rocking boho in some post-capitalist thrift store on Fifth Avenue or Oxford Street, and the whole thing will start up all over again.
July/August 2010
BOOKS BOUGHT:
★ The Lodger Shakespeare: His Life on Silver Street – Charles Nicholl
★ The Birds on the Trees – Nina Bawden
★ The Driver’s Seat – Muriel Spark
★ Peter Pan – J. M. Barrie
★ Fire from Heaven – Mary Renault
★ Live from New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live – Tom Shales and James Andrew Miller
★ Too many other Muriel Spark novels to mention without embarrassment
BOOKS READ:
★ Who Is It That Can Tell Me Who I Am?: The Journal of a Psychotherapist – Jane Haynes
★ The Birds on the Trees – Nina Bawden
★ The Driver’s Seat – Muriel Spark
★ The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie – Muriel Spark
★ A Far Cry from Kensington – Muriel Spark
If you are reading this in the USA, the presumption over here in the UK is that you have either just come out of a session with your shrink or you’re just about to go into one, and for reasons best known to ourselves, we disapprove – in the same way that we disapprove of the way you sign up for twelve-step programmes at the drop of a hat, just because you’re getting through a bottle of vodka every evening after work and throwing up in the street on the way home. ‘That’s just life,’ we say. ‘Deal with it.’ (To which you’d probably reply, ‘We are dealing with it! That’s why we’ve signed up for a twelve-step programme!’ So we’d go, ‘Well, deal with it in a less self-absorbed way.’ By which we mean, ‘Don’t deal with it at all! Grin and bear it!’ But then, what do we know? We’re smashed out of our skulls most of the time.)
Recently I read an interview with a British comic actress, an interesting, clever one, and she articulated, quite neatly, the bizarre assumptions and prejudices of my entire nation when it comes to the subject of the talking cure: ‘I have serious problems with it … The way I see it is that you’re paying someone, so they don’t really care about you – they’re not listening in the way that someone who loves you does.’
There’s a good deal in that little lot to unpack. The assumption that if you give someone money, then, ipso facto, they don’t care about you, is a curious one; the chief complaint I have about my dentist is that he cares too much, and as a consequence is always telling me not to eat this or smoke that. According to the actress, he should just be laughing all the way to the bank. And how does she feel about childcare? Maybe she can’t bring herself to use it, but in our house we’re effectively paying someone to love our kids. (Lord knows, it wouldn’t happen any other way.) But the real zinger is in that second argument, the one about ‘not listening in the way that someone who loves you does’. Aaaargh! Der! D’oh! That’s the whole point, and to complain that therapists aren’t friends is rather like complaining that osteopaths aren’t pets.
One of the relationships described in Who Is It That Can Tell Me Who I Am?, psychotherapist Jane Haynes’s gripping, moving and candid memoir, is clearly a defining relationship in her life, a love affair in all but the conventional sense. The affair is between Haynes and her own therapist, and the first half of the book is addressed to him; he died before their sessions had reached a conclusion, and Haynes’s grief is agonizing and raw. So much for the theory that a bought relationship can’t be real. In the second half of the book, Haynes describes the problems and the breakthroughs of a handful of her patients, people paralysed by the legacies of their personal histories, and only the most unimaginative and Gradgrindian of readers could doubt the value of the therapeutic process. Pills won’t work for the patient whose long, sad personal narrative has produced an addiction to internet pornography; pills didn’t work for the woman who was saved from suicide, tragicomically, only because of a supermarket bag she placed over her head after she’d taken an overdose. (The maid cleaning her hotel room would have presumed she was sleeping had it not been for the fact that her face was obscured by an advertisement for Tesco.) As Hilary Mantel says in her quite brilliant introduction, we don’t enter the consulting room alone:
… but with our parents and grandparents, and behind them, jostling their ghost limbs for space, our ancestral host, our tribe. All these people need a place in the room, all need to be heard. And against them, our own voice has to assert itself, small and clear, so that we possess the narrative of our own lives.
In a bravura passage, Mantel goes on to describe what those narratives might read like:
For some of us, they are a jerky cinema flickering against a rumpled bedsheet, the reels out of order and the projectionist drunk. For some of us they are slick and fake as an old dance routine, all high kicks and false smiles and a desperate sweat inside an ill-fitting costume … For others, the narrative is the patter of a used-car salesman, a promise of progress and conveyance, insistently delivered with an oily smirk … There is a story we need to tell, we think: but this is not how; this is not it.
If you think you can find a friend who is prepared to listen hour after hour, year after year, to your painful, groping attempt to construct your own narrative, then good luck to y
ou. Me, I have friends who are prepared to listen for ten minutes to my list of which players Arsenal Football Club needs to mount a serious challenge next year – but then, I’m an English bloke. My therapist, however, has tolerated more agonized, baffled nonsense than any human being should endure. And yes, I pay him, but not enough.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, given the tenor of Mantel’s introduction and the nature of psychotherapy itself, with its painfully slow storyboarding of life’s plot twists, there is a good deal in this book about the value of literature. Haynes repeatedly claims that she’d find her job impossible without it, in fact – that Shakespeare and Tolstoy, J. M. Barrie (there’s an extraordinary passage from Peter Pan quoted here, hence its appearance in ‘Books Bought’) and Chekhov have all created grooves that our narratives frequently wobble into, helpfully, illuminatingly. So even if you have no time for Jung and Freud, there’s something for the curious and literate Believer reader, and as I can’t imagine there’s any other kind, then this book is for you. It’s occasionally a little self-dramatizing, but it’s serious and seriously smart, and Haynes allows her patients a voice, too: Callum, the young man addicted to pornography, makes an incidental but extremely important observation about the ‘pandemic’ that the internet has helped spread among men of his generation. (Haynes quotes the psychoanalyst Joan Raphael-Leff, who says that sex ‘is not merely a meeting of bodily parts or their insertion into the other but of flesh doing the bidding of fantasy’. So what does it say about those who use pornography, I wonder, that they are prepared to spend so much time watching the insertion of body parts?) I’m going to stop banging on about this book now, but I got a lot out of it. As you can probably tell.