Read The Dreyfus Affair: The Scandal That Tore France in Two Page 43


  2 Decree 52 of 5th General Congregation, 1592, confirmed by Decree 28 of 6th General Congregation, 1608, and Decree 27 of 27th General Congregation, 1927, which referred only to ‘all who are descended from the Jewish race’

  3 Catholic Encyclopaedia

  4 Ruth Harris, Lourdes, p. 213

  5 Katrin Schultheiss, Bodies and Souls, p. 3

  6 Quoted in Brogan, op. cit., p.175

  7 John McManners, Church and State in France, 1870–1914, p. 16

  8 Brogan, op. cit., p. 141

  9 Anderson, op. cit., p. 71

  10 Evelyn M. Acomb, The French Laic Laws (1879–1889), p. 56

  11 Brogan, op. cit., p. 150

  12 Acomb, op. cit., p. 255

  13 Brogan, op. cit., p. 155

  14 Lindemann, op. cit., pp. 67–8, 276

  15 Gibson, op. cit., p. 230

  16 Robert Tombs, France, 1814–1914, p. 89

  17 Wilson, op. cit., p. 419

  18 Ibid., p. 546

  19 Wawro, op. cit., p. 310

  20 Jean-Louis Bredin, The Affair, p. 16

  21 Brogan, op. cit., p. 380

  22 Quoted in Wilson, op. cit., p. 402

  23 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 64

  24 McManners, op. cit., p. 126

  25 Pierre Miquel, L’Affaire Dreyfus, p. 18

  26 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 85

  27 Ibid., p. 84

  Chapter 3: Édouard Drumont

  1 Édouard Drumont, La France juive, vol. I, p. 8

  2 Jean-Paul Sartre, Anti-Semite and Jew, p. 45

  3 Drumont, op. cit., p. 451

  4 Ibid., p. 123

  5 Brogan, op. cit., p. 367

  6 Drumont, op. cit., p. 309

  7 McManners, op. cit., p. 122

  8 Quoted in Wilson, op. cit., p. 537

  9 See McManners, op. cit., p. 122

  10 Brogan, op. cit., p. 277

  11 Quoted in Wilson, op. cit., p. 174

  12 Brogan, op. cit., p. 271

  13 Ibid., p. 272

  14 Ibid., p. 274

  15 Ibid., p. 284

  16 See Anthony Levi, Cardinal Richelieu and the Making of France, pp. 104 et seq.

  17 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 188

  18 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 91

  19 Goncourt, op. cit., p. 319

  20 Ibid., p. 332

  21 Drumont, op. cit., p. 18

  22 Quoted in Miquel, op. cit., p. 18

  23 Maurice Paléologue, My Secret Diary of the Dreyfus Case, 1894–1899, p. 64

  24 Ibid.

  25 Quoted in Wilson, op. cit., p. 319

  26 Donald Dresden, The Marquis de Morès, p. 226

  27 Wilson, op. cit., p. 619

  28 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 66

  29 Dresden, op. cit., p. 249

  30 Quoted in Thomas, op. cit., p. 43

  31 Ibid., p. 152

  Chapter 4: Evidence of Treason

  1 Allan Mitchell, ‘The Xenophobic Style: French Counterespionage and the Emergence of the Dreyfus Affair’, p. 416

  2 Ibid., p. 417

  3 Ibid., p. 18

  4 Thomas, op. cit., p. 71

  5 Douglas Porch, French Secret Service, p. 30

  6 Mitchell, op. cit., p. 424

  7 Miquel, op. cit., p. 18

  8 Quoted in Porch, op. cit., p. 30

  9 Thomas, op. cit., p. 61

  10 Ibid., p. 61

  11 Paléologue, op. cit., p. 162

  12 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 49

  13 Thomas, op. cit., p. 73

  14 Ibid.

  15 Paléologue, op. cit., p. 101

  16 Thomas, op. cit., p. 74

  17 Paléologue, op. cit., p. 101

  18 Thomas, op. cit., p. 119

  19 Ibid., p. 76

  20 Ibid., p. 110

  21 Jean Doise, Un Secret bien gardé: histoire militaire de l’affaire Dreyfus, p. 26

  22 Thomas, op. cit., p. 124

  23 Bredin, op. cit., p. 64

  24 Duclert, op. cit., p. 113

  25 Jacqueline Rose, ‘J’accuse: Dreyfus in our Times’

  26 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 102

  27 Robert Louis Hoffman, More than a Trial, p. 4

  28 Thomas, op. cit., p. 130

  29 Ibid., p. 128

  30 Bredin, op. cit., p. 65

  31 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 123

  32 Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 84

  33 Thomas, op. cit., p. 132

  34 Bernhard Schwertfeger, ed., The Truth about Dreyfus from the Schwartzkoppen Papers, p. 33

  35 Ibid., p. 34

  36 Thomas, op. cit., p. 137

  37 Ibid., p. 134

  38 Ibid.

  39 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 68

  40 Leps, op. cit.

  41 Bredin, op. cit., p. 69

  Chapter 5: Dreyfus Accused

  1 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 3

  2 Duclert, op. cit., p. 63

  3 Thomas, op. cit., p. 148

  4 Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 37

  5 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 41

  6 Ibid., p. 37

  7 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 62

  8 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 36

  9 Duclert, op. cit., p. 37

  10 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 131

  11 Quoted in Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 40

  12 Ibid., p. 38

  13 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 98

  14 Duclert, op. cit., p. 44

  15 Ibid., p. 45

  16 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 76

  17 Ibid., p. 79

  18 Ibid., p. 103

  19 Ibid., p. 75

  20 Quoted in Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 68

  21 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 79

  22 Duclert, op. cit., p. 64

  23 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 79

  24 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 67

  25 Duclert, op. cit., p. 55

  26 Joseph Reinach, quoted in ibid., p. 264

  27 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 88

  28 Ibid., p. 80

  29 Duclert, op. cit., p. 59

  30 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 97

  31 Duclert, op. cit., p. 38

  32 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 83

  33 Duclert, op. cit., p. 45

  34 Ibid., p. 99

  35 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 89

  36 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 67

  37 Duclert, op. cit., p. 80

  38 Douglas Johnson, France and the Dreyfus Affair, p. 214

  39 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 60

  40 Quoted in George D. Painter, Marcel Proust: A Biography, vol. I, p. 74

  41 Duclert, op. cit., p. 107

  42 Ibid., p. 108

  43 Ibid., p. 97

  44 Ibid., pp. 94–5

  45 Ibid., p. 110

  46 Ibid., p. 105

  Chapter 6: Dreyfus Condemned

  1 Commissaire Cochefert’s evidence at Rennes, quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 16

  2 Quoted in ibid., p. 18

  3 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 57

  4 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 23

  5 Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 25

  6 Duclert, op. cit., p. 139

  7 Ibid., p. 320

  8 Quoted in ibid., p. 277

  9 Thomas, op. cit., p. 148

  10 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 133

  11 Ibid., p. 320

  12 Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 27

  13 Quoted in ibid., p. 28

  14 Duclert, op. cit., p. 317

  15 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 117

  16 Quoted in Miquel, op. cit., p. 31

  17 Bredin, op. cit., p. 84

  18 Ibid.

  19 Ibid., p. 76

  20 Quoted in Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 117

  21 Duclert, op. cit., p. 197

&nbs
p; 22 Thomas, op. cit., p. 171

  23 Ibid., p. 174; Duclert, op. cit., p. 325

  24 Duclert, op. cit., p. 324

  25 Paléologue, op. cit., p. 158

  26 Porch, op. cit., pp. 36–7

  27 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 89

  28 Ibid., p. 125

  29 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 278

  30 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 99

  31 Ibid., p. 76

  32 Ibid., p. 81

  33 Ibid., p. 115

  34 Bredin, op. cit., p. 77

  35 Duclert, op. cit., p. 279

  36 See Norman Stone, Europe Transformed, 1878–1919, p. 218

  37 Bredin, op. cit., p. 77

  38 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 120

  39 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 155

  40 Bredin, op. cit., p. 95

  41 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 104

  42 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 151

  43 Ibid., p. 153

  44 Ibid., p. 355

  45 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 133

  46 Alfred Dreyfus, Memoirs of Captain Dreyfus, p. 357

  47 Duclert, op. cit., p. 165

  48 Bredin, op. cit., p. 95

  49 Paléologue, op. cit., p. 33

  50 Duclert, op. cit., p. 250

  51 Ibid., p. 253

  52 Bredin, op. cit., p. 97

  53 Ibid., p. 4

  54 Duclert, op. cit., p. 212

  55 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 7

  56 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 46

  57 Ibid., p. 43

  58 Ibid., p. 57

  59 Duclert, op. cit., p. 203

  60 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 35

  61 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 152

  62 Christian Vigouroux, Georges Picquart, p. 356

  63 See Aaron Manson in a letter to the New Yorker, 26 October 2009

  64 See Shlomo Avinerei, Herzl, Zalman Shazar Center, 2008

  65 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 153

  66 Goncourt, op. cit., p. 398

  67 Bredin, op. cit., p. 107

  68 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 153

  69 Duclert, op. cit., p. 390

  70 Ibid., p. 125

  Chapter 7: The Isles of Salvation

  1 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 67

  2 Quoted in Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 143

  3 Duclert, op. cit., p. 269

  4 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 269

  5 Quoted in Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 44

  6 Quoted in ibid.

  7 Quoted in ibid., p. 51

  8 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 26

  9 Duclert, op. cit., p. 272

  10 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 163

  11 Duclert, op. cit., p. 396

  12 Bredin, op. cit., p. 100

  13 Quoted in ibid.

  14 Brogan, op. cit., p. 303

  15 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 63

  16 Canard, Partir au bagne, p. 75

  17 Ibid., p. 72

  18 Ibid., p. 93

  19 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 110

  20 Ibid., p. 136

  21 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 198

  22 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 158

  23 Ibid., pp. 246–7

  24 Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 93

  25 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 169

  26 Ibid., p. 283

  27 Ibid., p. 162

  28 Ibid., p. 208

  29 Ibid., p. 163

  30 Ibid., p. 189

  31 Ibid., p. 224

  32 Ibid., p. 114

  33 Othello, Act III, scene iii

  34 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 217

  35 Duclert, op. cit., p. 459

  36 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 246

  37 Ibid., p. 163

  38 Ibid., p. 172

  39 Quoted in Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 148

  40 Ibid., p. 144

  41 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 471

  42 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 107

  43 Ibid.

  44 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 527

  45 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 111

  46 Ibid., p. 187

  47 Bredin, op. cit., p. 130

  48 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 522

  49 Drumont, op. cit., p. 222

  50 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 274

  51 Ibid., p. 274

  52 Ibid., p. 310

  53 Ibid., p. 275

  54 Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 95

  55 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 231

  56 Ibid., p. 232

  57 See Clément Duval, Moi, Clément Duval, bagnard et Anarchiste, Éditions Ouvriers, 1991; also Black Flag Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 5 (Winter 1984)

  58 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 117

  59 Ibid., p. 186

  60 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 475

  61 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 234

  62 Duclert, op. cit., p. 476

  63 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 277

  64 Pierre Dreyfus, op. cit., p. 144

  65 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 304

  66 Ibid., p. 288

  67 Ibid., p. 293

  68 Quoted in Duclert, op. cit., p. 478

  69 Alfred Dreyfus, Five Years of my Life, p. 310

  70 Ibid., p. 321

  Chapter 8: The First Dreyfusards

  1 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 132

  2 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 109

  3 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 176

  4 Ibid.

  5 Wilson, op. cit., p. 699

  6 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 109

  7 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 174

  8 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 115

  9 Duclert, op. cit., p. 258

  10 Bredin, op. cit., p. 115

  11 Quoted in ibid., p. 117

  12 Quoted in Alfred Dreyfus, Memoirs of Captain Dreyfus, p. 291

  13 Bredin, op. cit., p. 119

  14 Ibid., p. 134

  15 Bernard Lazare, Anti-Semitism: Its History and Causes, p. 92 (www.indiana.edu)

  16 La Libre Parole, 10 January 1895, quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 134

  17 Lazare, op. cit., p. 4

  18 Ibid., p. 22

  19 Ibid., p. 45

  20 Ibid., p. 117

  21 Ibid., p. 83

  22 Ibid., p. 132

  23 Ibid., p. 108

  24 Ibid., p. 118

  25 Ibid., p. 124

  26 Ibid., p. 136

  27 See Bredin, op. cit., p. 139

  28 Ibid., p. 138

  29 Quoted in Rose, op. cit.

  30 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 95

  31 Quoted in Corinne Casset, Joseph Reinach avant l’Affaire Dreyfus, p. 172: see Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 94

  32 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 136

  33 Ibid., p. 137

  34 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 304

  35 Goncourt, op. cit., p. 211

  36 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 179

  37 Thomas, op. cit., p. 286

  38 Duclert, op. cit., p. 589

  Chapter 9: Colonel Picquart

  1 Louis Begley, Why the Dreyfus Affair Matters, p. 92

  2 Paléologue, op. cit., p. 101

  3 Thomas, op. cit., p. 235

  4 Vigouroux, op. cit., p. 352

  5 Thomas, op. cit., p. 203

  6 See Vigouroux, op. cit., p. 346

  7 Bredin, op. cit., p. 141n.

  8 Ibid., p. 141

  9 Ibid., p. 151

  10 Ibid., p. 162

  11 Miquel, op. cit., p. 18

  12 Thomas, op. cit., p. 252

  13 Begley, op. cit., p. 97

  14 Thomas, op. cit., p
. 280

  15 See Bredin, op. cit., p. 165

  16 John, 11: 49

  17 Thomas, op. cit., p. 274

  18 Ibid., p. 278

  19 Ibid., p. 274

  20 Ibid., p. 321

  21 Bredin, op. cit., p. 177

  22 Ibid., p. 142

  23 Ibid., p. 183

  24 Thomas, op. cit., p. 392

  25 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 196

  26 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 185

  27 Ibid., p. 180

  28 Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 90

  29 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 192

  Chapter 10: Commandant Esterhazy

  1 Zamoyski, op. cit., p. 276

  2 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 222

  3 Thomas, op. cit., p. 34

  4 Ibid., p. 35

  5 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 155

  6 Quoted in Arendt, op. cit., p. 104

  7 Quoted in Thomas, op. cit., p. 24

  8 Duclert, op. cit., p. 345

  9 Quoted in Thomas, op. cit., p. 41

  10 Ibid., p. 52

  11 Schwertfeger, op. cit., p. 5

  12 Ibid., p. 15

  13 Ibid., p. 16

  14 Thomas, op. cit., p. 100

  15 Ibid., p. 96

  16 Ibid., p. 95

  17 Ibid., p. 196

  18 Ibid., p. 204

  19 Bredin, op. cit., p. 187

  20 Thomas, op. cit., p. 196

  21 Bredin, op. cit., p. 188

  22 Ibid., p. 187; also Thomas, op. cit., p. 415

  23 Arendt, op. cit., p. 101

  24 Duclert, op. cit., p. 412

  25 Thomas, op. cit., p. 465

  26 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 190

  27 Ibid., p. 191

  28 Schwertfeger, op. cit., p. 109

  29 Bredin, op. cit., p. 218

  30 Wilson, op. cit., p. 360

  31 Ibid., p. 520

  32 McManners, op. cit., p. 91

  33 Quoted in Ruth Harris, The Man on Devil’s Island, p. 181

  34 Ibid., p. 183

  35 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 229

  36 Ibid., p. 230

  37 Ibid., p. 241

  Chapter 11: Émile Zola

  1 Miquel, op. cit., p. 7

  2 Goncourt, op. cit., p. 320

  3 Quoted in Wilson, op. cit., p. 204

  4 Quoted in Rose, op. cit.

  5 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 246

  6 Émile Zola, L’Affaire Dreyfus: la vérité en marche, p. 103

  7 Ibid., p. 105

  8 See Duclert, op. cit., p. 596

  9 Zola, op. cit., p. 115

  10 Miquel, op. cit., p. 43

  11 Quoted in Bredin, op. cit., p. 250

  12 Quoted in Thomas, op. cit., p. 502

  13 Lindemann, op. cit., p. 116

  14 Thomas, op. cit., p. 501

  15 Ruth Harris, Lourdes, p. 247

  16 Ibid., p. 361

  17 Ibid., p. 304

  18 Ibid., p. 277

  19 Goncourt, op. cit., p. 369

  20 Ibid., p. 317

  21 Burns, Dreyfus: A Family Affair, p. 144

  22 Wilson, op. cit., p. 474

  23 Bredin, op. cit., p. 286