8
The Treaty of Mantes
WHERE ARE WE NOW? Have we passed Mortemart? Not yet! It would seem that I have slept a little … Oh! How the sky darkens and how the days are shortening! I was dreaming, you see, my nephew, I was dreaming of a blossoming plum tree, a big plum tree, round and white, laden with birds, as if each flower were singing. And the sky was blue, the same blue as the Virgin’s mantle. An angelic vision, a true corner of paradise. What strange things are dreams! Have you noticed that in the gospel, no dreams are recounted, except for Joseph’s at the beginning of Saint Matthew? It is the only one. Whereas in the Old Testament, the patriarchs are forever having dreams, in the New, no one dreams at all. I have often wondered why, without being able to find an answer … Has that never struck you as rather odd? It is because you are no great reader of the Holy Scriptures, Archambaud … I see a fine subject for our brilliant scholars in Paris or Oxford to fight over amongst themselves and to provide us with voluminous treatises and discourses in a Latin so impenetrable nobody could understand a word …
In any case, the Holy Spirit advised me well in taking me out of my way via La Péruse. You saw those good Benedictine monks who wanted to take advantage of the English raid to avoid paying their prior’s commendams? I will get the enamel crucifix replaced and the three golden chalices that they hurriedly gave the English in order to avoid being pillaged; and they will settle up their annual payments.
They were naively looking to get themselves confused with the inhabitants of the other bank of the River Vienne, where the Prince of Wales’s rovers wreaked havoc, pillaging and burning, as we saw only too well this morning in Chirac and in Saint-Maurice-des-Lions. And especially in the Abbey of Lesterps where the Canons Regular19 showed great valour. ‘Our abbey is fortified; we will defend it.’ And they fought, those canons, as good and brave men that refuse to be taken. Several perished in the attack, who acted more nobly, to my knowledge, than many a knight at Poitiers.
If only all the people of France had as much heart … even so they found the means, those honest canons in their charred monastery, to offer us a copious and well-prepared dinner, which helped me sleep soundly that night. And have you noticed the look of holy cheer they wear upon their faces? ‘Our brothers were killed? They are now in peace; God has welcomed them in His leniency … If He left us here on earth it is so that we can accomplish good works … Our monastery is half destroyed? We have the chance to rebuild it and make it even more beautiful than before …’
Good men of the cloth are joyous, my nephew, remember that. I am wary of overly severe fasters with their long faces and their burning, close-set eyes, as if they had spent too long squinting at hell. Those God honours most highly by calling them to His service have an obligation to show in their manner the joy this brings them; it is an example and a courtesy that they owe to other mortals.
In the same way as kings, since God has elevated them over and above all other men, they have the duty to show self-control. Messire Philip the Fair who was a paragon of true majesty, condemned without showing anger; and he mourned without shedding a tear.
On the occasion of Monsieur of Spain’s murder, that I was telling you about yesterday, King John showed all too well, and in the most pitiful fashion, that he was incapable of the slightest restraint in his passions. Pity is not what a king should inspire; it is better that one believes him impervious to pain. Four long days our king refrained from speaking a word, not even to say if he wanted to eat or drink. He kept to his rooms, acknowledging nobody, abandoning control of himself, eyes reddened and brimming, stopping suddenly to burst into tears. It was pointless talking to him about any business. Had the enemy invaded his palace, he would have let himself be taken by the hand. He hadn’t shown a quarter of such grief when the mother of his children, Madame of Luxembourg, passed away, something that the Dauphin Charles didn’t fail to mention. It was in fact the very first time that he was seen to show contempt for his father, going so far as to tell him that it was indecent to let himself go like this. But the king would hear nothing.
He would emerge from his state of despondency only to start screaming … that his charger be saddled immediately; screaming that his army should be mustered; screaming that he would speed to Évreux to take his revenge, and that everyone would be trembling with fear … Those close to him had great difficulty in bringing him to his senses and explaining to him that to get together his army, even without his arrièreban,20 would take at least one month; that if he really wanted to attack Évreux, he would inevitably force a rift with Normandy; he should recall, as a counter-argument for this, that the truce with the King of England was about to expire, and that monarch might be tempted to take advantage of the chaos, the kingdom could be jeopardized.
He was also shown that, perhaps if he had simply respected his daughter’s marriage contract and kept his promise to give Angoulême to Charles of Navarre, instead of offering it as a gift to his dear constable …
John II stretched out his arms wide and proclaimed: ‘Who am I then, if I can do nothing? I can clearly see that not one of you loves me, and that I have lost my support.’ But in the end, he stayed at home, swearing to God that never would he know joy until he had been avenged.
Meanwhile, Charles the Bad didn’t remain idle. He wrote to the pope, he wrote to the emperor, he wrote to all the Christian princes, explaining to them that he hadn’t wanted Charles of Spain’s death, but only to seize him for insults received, and the harm he had suffered at his hand; truly his men had overstepped his orders, but he was prepared to assume responsibility for it all and stand up for his relatives, friends and servants who had been driven, in the tumult of Laigle, by an overzealous concern for his well-being.
Having set up the ambush like a highway brigand, this is how he portrayed himself, wearing the gloves of a knight.
And most importantly he wrote to the Duke of Lancaster, who was to be found in Malines, and also to the King of England himself. We got wind of these letters when things began to turn sour. The Bad One certainly didn’t beat about the bush. ‘If you summon your captains in Brittany to ready themselves, as soon as I send for them, to enter in Normandy, I will grant them good and sure passage. You should know, dearest cousin, that all the nobles of Normandy are with me in death as in life.’ With the murder of Monsieur of Spain, our man had chosen rebellion; now he was moving towards treason. But at the same time, he cast upon King John the Ladies of Melun.
You don’t know whom we mean by that name? Ah! It’s raining. It was to be expected; this rain has been threatening us from the outset. Now you will bless my palanquin, Archambaud, rather than having water running down your neck, beneath your coathardy, and mud caking you to the waist …
The Ladies of Melun? They are the two queens dowager, and Joan of Valois, Charles’s child-bride, who is awaiting puberty. All three live in the Castle of Melun, that is called the Castle of the Three Queens, or even the Widows’ Court.
First of all there is Madame Joan of Évreux, King Charles IV’s widow and aunt to our Bad One. Yes, yes, she is still alive; she isn’t at all as old as one would think. She is barely a day over fifty; she is four or five years younger than me. She has been a widow for twenty-eight years already, twenty-eight years of wearing white. She shared the throne just three years. But she has remained an influence in the kingdom. She is the most senior, the very last queen of the great Capetian dynasty. Yes, of the three confinements she went through … three girls, of which only one, the one birthed after the king’s death, is still living … had she given birth to a boy, she would have been queen mother and regent. The dynasty came to an end in her womb. When she says: ‘Monseigneur of Évreux, my father … my uncle Philip the Fair … my brother-in-law Philip the Tall …’ a hush descends. She is the survivor of an undisputed monarchy, and of a time when France was infinitely more powerful and glorious than today. She is guarantor for the new breed. So, there are things that are not done because Madame of Évreux
would disapprove of them.
In addition to this, it is said around her: ‘She is a saint.’ You have to admit that it doesn’t take much when one is queen, to be looked upon as a saint by a small and idle court where singing others’ praises passes as an occupation. Madame Joan of Évreux gets up before dawn; she lights her candle herself so as not to disturb her ladies-in-waiting. Then she begins to read her book of hours, the smallest in the world so we are led to believe, a gift from her husband who had commissioned it from a master limner,21 Jean Pucelle. She spends much time in prayer and regularly gives alms. She has spent twenty-eight years repeating that, as she had been unable to give birth to a son, she had no future. Widows live on obsessions. She could have carried more weight in the kingdom if she had been blessed with intelligence in proportion to her virtue.
Then there is Madame Blanche, Charles of Navarre’s sister, second wife of Philip VI, a queen for just six months, barely time enough to get accustomed to wearing a crown. She has the reputation of being the most beautiful woman of the kingdom. I saw her, not long ago, and can willingly confirm this judgement. She is now twenty-four, and for the last six years has been wondering what the whiteness of her skin, her enamel eyes and her perfect body are all for. Had nature endowed her with a less splendid appearance, she would be queen now, since she was intended for King John! The father only took her for himself because he was transfixed by her beauty.
Not long after she had accompanied her husband’s body to the grave that was prepared, she was proposed to by the King of Castile, Don Pedro, whose subjects had named the Cruel. She responded, rather hastily perhaps, that: ‘A Queen of France does not remarry.’ She was much praised for this display of grandeur. But she wonders to this day if it is not too great a sacrifice she has made for the sake of her title and whatever rights she still has to her former magnificence. The domain of Melun is her dower. She has made many improvements to it, but she can well change the carpets and tapestries that make up her bedroom at Christmas and Easter; she will always sleep there alone.
Finally, there is the other Joan, King John’s daughter, whose marriage had the effect of bringing on only storms. Charles of Navarre entrusted her to his aunt and his sister, until she was of an age to consummate the bond. That Joan is a little minx, as a girl of twelve can be, who remembers being a widow at six, and who knows herself to be queen without yet being powerful, for the while. She has nothing else to do but wait until she grows up, when she will be taking up the role; and she sorely lacks patience, baulking at everything she is commanded to do, demanding everything that is refused her, harrying her handmaidens to their wits’ end, promising them a thousand torments on the day of her puberty. Madame of Évreux, who does not take bad behaviour lightly, has often had to slap her face.
Our three ladies maintain in Melun and in Meaux … Meaux is the dower of Madame of Évreux … a semblance of a court. They have a chancellor, treasurer, master of the household. Most lofty titles for such reduced functions. One is often surprised to find there people that were thought dead by all but themselves, so forgotten were they. Ageing servants, survivors from former reigns, old confessors of late kings, secretaries, keepers of secrets all too well known, men who had felt powerful for a moment when they were so close to power; now they trudge through their memories, attributing importance to themselves for having taken part in events which no longer have the slightest importance. When one of them begins: ‘The day the king told me …’ you have to guess which king he is talking about, amongst the six that have occupied the throne since the turn of the century. And what the king said is ordinarily some grave and memorable confidence like: ‘What fine weather we are having today, Gros-Pierre …’
Therefore it is almost a godsend when a dramatic affair occurs such as that of the King of Navarre’s imprisonment, the Widows’ Court is suddenly awoken from its slumber. The hour arrives for everyone to rouse, murmur, bustle and stir … We should add that for the three queens, Monseigneur of Navarre, amongst all the living, is uppermost in their thoughts. He is the beloved nephew, the cherished brother, the adored husband. No matter that in Navarre they call him the Bad! Incidentally, he does everything he can to stay in their good graces, visiting them often, showering them with presents … at least, he did before he was walled up … cheering them with his tales, speaking to them of his troubles, fascinating them with his ventures, charming as he can be, playing the respectful young man with his aunt, the affectionate equal with his sister, the man in love with his little girl of a wife, and all out of calculated self-interest; to keep them like pawns on his chessboard.
After the assassination of the constable, and as soon as King John appeared to have calmed down a little, the queens left together for Paris, at Monseigneur of Navarre’s request.
Little Joan of Navarre, throwing herself at the king’s feet, recited in fine fashion the lesson that she had learned: ‘Sire my father, it cannot be that my husband could have committed the slightest treachery against you. If he has acted badly, it is because traitors took advantage of him. I beseech you, for my sake, to forgive him.’
Madame of Évreux, shot through with sadness and with the authority that age conferred on her, said: ‘Sire my cousin, as the eldest to have worn the crown in this kingdom, I dare to offer you advice, and ask you to adapt your thinking to the special case of my nephew. If he has accumulated wrong-doing towards you, it is because certain people in your service have greatly harmed him, and he must have thought you had abandoned him to his enemies. But he himself harbours only fine thoughts and loyal affection towards you, I assure you. It would be damaging to you both to pursue with this discord …’
Madame Blanche said nothing at all. She just stared at King John. She knew that he couldn’t have forgotten that she should have been his wife. Before her, this tall and thickset man, usually so curt, began to falter. His eyes avoided her, his words got tied up in knots. And still in her presence, he decided on the opposite of what he believed he wanted.
As soon as the audience was over, he delegated the Cardinal of Boulogne, the Bishop of Laon, Robert Le Coq, and his chamberlain Robert of Lorris to go and negotiate peace with his son-in-law. He commanded that the matter should be handled quickly and effectively. It was indeed so handled, since one week before the end of February, the two parties signed an agreement, in Mantes. Never, as far as I can remember, was a treaty seen to be so easily and rapidly concluded.
King John displayed, on this occasion, all the strangeness of his character and the lack of coherence of his mind in the handling of his affairs. The month before, he could dream of nothing other than seizing and slaying Monseigneur of Navarre; yet now he consented to everything asked of him. Should they come to him and say that his son-in-law was asking for the Clos de Cotentin, with Valognes, Coutances and Carentan, he would reply: ‘Give him them, give him them!’ The Viscounties of Pont-Audemer and Orbec? ‘Give them to him because it is asked of me to adapt myself to him.’ In this way Charles the Bad also received the sizeable county of Beaumont, with the castellanies of Breteuil and Conches, all that had made up the lands of Count Robert of Artois. Revenge was sweet after all for Marguerite of Burgundy; her grandson was thus to take back the possessions of the man who had lost them for her. The Count of Beaumont! The young Navarre exulted. He himself was giving almost nothing away in the treaty; he was to return to Pontoise, and he solemnly confirmed that he would abandon Champagne, a dispute which had been settled for more than twenty-five years already.
Not a single word more was spoken about the assassination of Charles of Spain. No punishment, not even for the collaborators, and no reparations. All the accomplices of the Spinning Sow, and those who didn’t hesitate in coming forward from that moment on, received letters of acquittal and remission.
Ah! That Treaty of Mantes did little to improve the reputation of King John. ‘They kill his constable; he gives away half of Normandy. Should they kill his brother or his son, he would hand over France itself.’ That i
s what the people were saying.
The less significant King of Navarre had proven himself far from inept. With Beaumont, in addition to Mantes and Évreux, he was now able to isolate Paris from Brittany; with the Cotentin, he controlled direct access routes to England.
And besides, when he came to Paris to receive his pardon, it was as if he were the one granting it.
Yes; what are you saying, Brunet? Oh! This rain! My curtain is wet through … We are arriving in Bellac? Excellent. Here at least we are sure to find comfortable board and lodgings, and they can have no excuse for not preparing us a fine reception. The English raid spared Bellac, upon the orders of the Prince of Wales, as it is the dower of the Countess of Pembroke, who is a Châtillon-Lusignan. Men at war are capable of certain kindnesses …
So the story, my nephew, of the Treaty of Mantes draws to a close. The King of Navarre appeared in Paris as if he had won a war, and King John, in welcoming him, was to be seen to be holding a session of Parliament, the two queens dowager seated by his side. One of the king’s counsel came and kneeled before the throne … Oh! It was all rather grand … ‘My most formidable lord, my ladies Queens Joan and Blanche beseech you to forgive Monsieur of Navarre, whom they understand to be in your malgrace …’
Thereupon, the new constable, Gautier of Brienne, Duke of Athens … Yes, a cousin of Raoul’s, the other branch of the Briennes; and this time, the chosen man was no youngster … went to take Navarre by the hand … ‘The king forgives you, out of kindness for the queens, with good heart and good grace.’