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WEBSITES
www.british-history.ac.uk
NOTES AND REFERENCES
Abbreviations used in this section:
Bernard The King’s Reformation
Ives The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, “The Most Happy”
LP Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII
SC Spanish Calendar: Calendar of Letters, Despatches and State Papers relating to Negotiations between England and Spain
VC Venetian Calendar: Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts relating to English Affairs preserved in the Archives of Venice and in the other Libraries of Northern Italy
Warnicke The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn
Full titles of all works are listed in the Bibliography.
PROLOGUE: THE SOLEMN JOUST
1 Hall; VC; LP
2 Henry’s skeleton, discovered in St. George’s Chapel in the early nineteenth century, measured 6′2″ in length. This should be compared with his armor in the Tower of London, which would fit a man of 6′4″. Strands of red hair adhered to the King’s skull. His armor measurements show that in 1534 his waist measured 37 inches and his chest 45 inches.
3 VC
4 SC; LP; Brantome; VC; Carles; George Wyatt; Sanuto
5 Carles; LP
6 Carles; Wriothesley; Constantine
7 Carles
8 Hall
9 Hall; Wriothesley
CHAPTER 1: OCCURRENCES THAT PRESAGED EVIL
1 Wriothesley. Although Hall dates Anne’s miscarriage to early February, Wriothesley, who was better informed, states that it occurred “three days before Candlemas.” As Candlemas falls on February 2, this suggests that the miscarriage happened on January 30. However, Wriothesley cannot have been correct in this case, for the Imperial ambassador, Eustache Chapuys, who had been at court at the time, reported on February 10 that “on the day of the interment” of Katherine of Aragon (29 January), “the Concubine had an abortion.” Warnicke is therefore incorrect in dating the miscarriage to January 19, then January 30.
2 George Wyatt; LP
3 Wriothesley; Hall. For Anne Boleyn’s miscarriage, see also George Wyatt and Clifford.
4 LP
5 Ibid
6 Neale: Queen Elizabeth I
7 Pollini
8 Hall
9 For Katherine of Aragon, see Mattingly; Weir: Six Wives; Fraser; Starkey: Six Wives; Paul; Luke; Hume and Strickland.
10 Ives
11 SC
12 Ibid
13 For Henry’s pursuit of Anne Boleyn, see, for example, George Wyatt; LP; SC and Cavendish: Wolsey. Henry VIII’s seventeen surviving love letters to her are in the Vatican Library, and have been printed in several editions.
14 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
15 Smith: Henry VIII; Bernard
16 Bernard; National Archives: SPI/46; Pocock
17 Erickson: First Elizabeth
18 Loades: Mary Tudor
19 SC. It has been claimed recently that the Nidd Hall portrait of Anne Boleyn is based on Holbein’s portrait of Jane Seymour, but there are significant differences, not least the AB brooch worn by the sitter, and the image is entirely compatible with Anne’s verified portraits.
20 LP
21 SC
22 Cavendish: Metrical Visions
23 The evidence for Henry’s growing disillusionment with Anne Boleyn is to be found in SC; GW and Roper.
24 Rotuli Parliamentorum
25 VC
26 Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
27 SC
28 Ibid
29 SC; LP; Fraser
30 LP
31 LP; Denny: Anne Boleyn
32 LP
33 Aless
34 LP
35 SC; Latymer. Latymer, Anne’s chaplain, identifies her as Mary Shelton, who married Sir Anthony Heveningham in 1546, and who is the subject of a portrait sketch by Hans Holbein.
36 SC; LP
37 Roper
38 Wriothesley. For Henry VIII’s courtship of Jane Seymour, see SC and Clifford.
39 LP
40 SC
41 For Jane Seymour’s life, see Gross.
42 SC. Jane’s portraits by Holbein and other artists bear this out.
43 Clifford
44 Warnicke: “Fall”
45 LP
46 SC
47 LP
48 Ibid
49 Ibid
50 Foxe
51 LP
52 Ibid
53 Hall
54 Vergil
55 SC
56 LP
57 Prescott; Williams: Henry VIII and His Court
58 Loades: Mary Tudor
59 Carles
60 LP
61 Ibid
62 Ibid
63 Ibid
64 Ibid
65 Ibid
66 Wriothesley; cf Il Successo de la Morte della Regina, an Italian poem of June 2, 1536, written in London, which also asserts that the shock “caused her to give premature birth to a dead son.” Warnicke’s theory that Anne miscarried on January 19 does not take account of the fact that the King’s accident occurred on the twenty-fourth January.