204 “If not over”: Stevens, “Hydroplane of the Hamilton Rice Expedition,” pp. 42– 43. Interestingly, in 1932, Stevens, while flying in a hot-air balloon, became the first photographer to capture the moon's shadow on the earth during a solar eclipse. In 1935, he also broke the world record for the highest ascent in a balloon—a record that wouldn't be surpassed for another twenty-one years.
205 “The palms below”: Ibid., pp. 35–36.
205 “the congratulations”: Royal Geographical Society, “Dr. Hamilton Rice on the Rio Branco,” p. 241.
205 “Those regions”: New York Times, Aug. 24, 1924.
205 “The Brazilian jungle”: New York Times, July 11, 1925.
205 “communication by radio”: Royal Geographical Society, “Dr. Hamilton Rice on the Rio Branco,” p. 241. 205 “Whether it is”: Ibid.
205 “[A prospector] and”: Fawcett, epilogue to Exploration Fawcett, p. 284.
206 “into a world”: Ahrens to Nina Fawcett, July 10, 1925, RGS.
206 “an excellent initiation”: Fawcett, epilogue to Exploration Fawcett, p. 289.
206 “fish were literally”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 1, 1925.
206 “Daddy had gone”: Fawcett, epilogue to Exploration Fawcett, p. 286.
206 “[Jack] has evidently”: Large to Nina Fawcett, May 24, 1929, Fawcett Family Papers.
208 “My father chose”: Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1927.
208 “the tickiest place”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 1, 1925.
208 “It is a saying”: Fawcett to Nina, May 20, 1925, Fawcett Family Papers.
208 “in spite of”: Jack Fawcett to Nina and Joan, May 16, 1925, RGS.
209 “I think you”: Nina Fawcett to Large, Aug. 30, 1925, Fawcett Family Papers.
209 Galvão had pushed: For details on Galvão, see Leal, Coronel Fawcett.
209 “It was quite”: Translation and extract from the newspaper O Democrata, n.d., RGS.
209 “considerable danger”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 1, 1925.
210 “a pinprick”: John James Whitehead diary, June 8, 1928, RGS.
210 “the Brazilian methods”: Fawcett to Isaiah Bowman, May 20, 1925, NMAI.
210 “The Bakairís have been”: American Geographical Society, “Correspondence,” p. 696.
210 “They have in part”: Fawcett to Bowman, May 20, 1925, NMAI.
210 “They say the Bacairys”: Jack Fawcett to Nina and Joan, May 19, 1925, RGS.
210 “We have all clipped”: Ibid.
211 “about eight wild”: Jack Fawcett to Nina and Joan, May 16, 1925, RGS.
211 “To Jack's great delight”: Fawcett, epilogue to Exploration Fawcett, p. 290.
211 “We gave them”: Jack Fawcett to Nina and Joan, May 16, 1925, RGS.
211 “They are small”: Ibid.
211 “music was”: Nina Fawcett to the Brazilian ambassador, Feb. 3, 1937, RGS.
211 “I have never”: Jack Fawcett to Nina and Joan, May 19, 1925, RGS.
211 “absolutely unexplored”: Jack Fawcett to Nina and Joan, May 16, 1925, RGS.
211 “Years tell”: Fawcett, epilogue to Exploration Fawcett, p. 291.
212 “The Fawcetts can”: Raleigh Rimell to Roger Rimell, March 17, 1925, Rimell Family Papers.
212 “That's too deep”: Jack Fawcett to Nina and Joan, May 19, 1925, Fawcett Family Papers.
212 “I wish [Raleigh]”: Ibid.
212 “I wish to hell”: Raleigh Rimell to Roger Rimell, March 17, 1925, Rimell Family Papers.
212 “sense of inferiority”: Raleigh Rimell to Roger Rimell, March 5, 1925, Rimell Family Papers.
213 “witnessed throughout”: Hemming, Die If You Must, p. 140.
213 “lot of stick-throwers”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 2, 1925.
213 In the late eighteenth century: For information about the Xavante and the Kayapós, see Hemming, Die If You Must, pp. 86–132.
213 “from that time”: Quoted in ibid., p. 95.
213 “It is obviously”: Fawcett to Keltie, March 17, 1925, RGS.
214 “I believe our”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 2, 1925.
214 “I suspect constitutional”: Fawcett to Nina, May 29, 1925, Fawcett Family Papers.
214 “By the time”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 1, 1925.
214 “I shall look”: Raleigh Rimell to Roger Rimell, March 5, 1925, Rimell Family Papers. 214 “You need have”: Fawcett, epilogue to Exploration Fawcett, p. 291.
CHAPTER 21: THE LAST EYEWITNESS
217 “ruined architecture”: Rice, “Rio Branco, Uraricuera, and Parima,” p. 218.
218 “I don't feel”: New York Times, Sept. 17, 2003.
218 “the highest concentration”: Economist, July 24, 2004.
218 On February 12: See New York Times, May 16, 2007; Baltimore Sun, March 14, 2005; and Dayton Daily News, Aug. 14, 2007.
219 But I soon discovered: My account of Petersen's death is based on my interviews with Eduardo Neves and on newspaper accounts.
221 “Fawcett's dream”: Verne, Bob Moran and the Fawcett Mystery, p. 76.
221 “I'm an archeologist”: MacGregor, Indiana Jones and the Seven Veils, p. 58.
222 “My son, lame”: Ibid., p. 2.
CHAPTER 22: DEAD OR ALIVE
225 “Any day now”: Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1927.
225 “I believe firmly”: Los Angeles Times, Jan. 1, 1928.
225 “I think it”: Nina Fawcett to Arthur R. Hinks, July 11, 1927, RGS.
225 “Mother! I feel”: Nina Fawcett to Harold Large, Nov. 23, 1925, Fawcett Family Papers.
226 “Father has got”: Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1927.
226 “Have they been”: Ibid.
226 Several decades later: Cowell, Tribe That Hides from Man, p. 93.
226 “Explorer Called Dupe”: Washington Post, Sept. 12, 1927.
226 “escape from”: Independent, Sept. 24, 1927.
226 “described Daddy exactly”: Brian Fawcett to Nina, Sept. 23, 1927, RGS.
226 “I was boiling”: Nina Fawcett to Hinks, Oct. 24, 1927, RGS.
226 “As the story grew”: Nina Fawcett to Courteville, Aug. 1, 1928, RGS.
227 “One cannot tell”: Los Angeles Times, July 17, 1927.
227 “No better man”: Ibid.
227 “we hold ourselves”: D. G. Hogarth, “Address at the Anniversary General Meeting, 20 June 1927,” Geographical Journal, Aug. 1927, p. 100.
227 “I am thirty-six years”: R. Bock to D. G. Hogarth, June 21, 1927, RGS.
227 “I am prepared”: Robert Bunio to Hogarth, June 21, 1927, RGS.
227 “My wife and I”: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 27, 1927.
228 “whether there is”: Ibid.
228 “We consider that”: Geoffrey Steele-Ronan to Hogarth, June 21, 1927, RGS.
228 “romantic story”: St. Clair, Mighty, Mighty Amazon, p. 254.
228 To succeed, Dyott: Los Angeles Times, Jan. 28, 1929.
229 “camped in some”: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 6, 1927.
229 “supreme courage”: Ibid.
229 “A big man”: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 13, 1927.
229 “They have come”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 14, 1927.
229 “There are applicants”: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 27, 1927.
229 “Perhaps if there”: Independent, Dec. 3, 1927.
230 “I am most anxious”: Roger Rimell to RGS, 1933, RGS.
230 “I know of no”: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 17, 1927.
230 “I can't take”: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 27, 1927.
230 “creature comforts”: Ibid.
230 “a display of unselfish”: Los Angeles Times, March 28, 1928.
230 “fills me with”: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 17, 1927.
230 “On behalf of”: John James Whitehead diary, March 1, 1928, RGS.
231 “Cecil B. DeMille safari”: Kigar, “Phantom Trail of Colonel Fawcett,” p. 21.
231 “the dregs of civilization”: Dyott, Man Hunting in the Jungle, p. 85.
231 ??
?Fawcett's trail loomed”: Ibid., p. 135.
231 “How different would”: Whitehead diary, May 28, 1928, RGS.
231 “I first heard”: McIntyre, “The Commander and the Mystic,” p. 5.
232 “We came across”: Los Angeles Times, Aug. 18, 1928.
232 “These new denizens”: Dyott, Man Hunting in the Jungle, p. 173.
232 “He regarded us”: Ibid., p. 177.
232 “We cannot predict”: Whitehead diary, July 24, 1928, RGS.
233 “The finger of guilt”: Dyott, Man Hunting in the Jungle, p. 236.
233 “I am so afraid”: Los Angeles Times, Aug. 16, 1928.
233 “couldn't eat”: Whitehead diary, Aug. 12, 1928, RGS.
233 “Remember,” Dyott: Ibid., July 25, 1928.
234 “Natives from tribes”: Stanley Allen, New Haven Register, n.d., RGS.
234 “Am sorry to report”: Dyott to NANA (radio dispatch), Aug. 16, 1928, RGS.
234 “We want to”: Whitehead diary, Sept. 28, 1928, RGS.
234 “You can be”: Chicago Daily Tribune, March 19, 1930.
235 “Indian psychology”: Dyott, Man Hunting in the Jungle, p. 264.
235 “Dyott … must have”: Brian Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 71.
235 “There is consequently”: Nina Fawcett to NANA, Aug. 23, 1928, RGS.
235 “never give up”: Los Angeles Times, Aug. 22, 1928.
235 “Do not lose”: Esther Windust to Elsie Rimell, Dec. 14, 1928, PHFP.
236 “all hope of”: Abbott to Charles Goodwin, March 22, 1932, FO 743/16, TNA.
236 “My name is Stefan”: Translated statement of Stefan Rattin, prepared by Charles Goodwin and sent to Sir William Seeds, March 18, 1932, FO 743/17, TNA.
236 “only known to me”: Abbott to Hinks, Dec. 8, 1932, RGS.
236 “dare not build my”: H. Kingsley Long, “The Faith of Mrs. Fawcett,” Passing Show, Nov. 12, 1932.
236 “I promised Colonel”: Chicago Daily Tribune, March 20, 1932.
236 “Rattin is anxious”: Washington Post, May 28, 1932.
237 “given up the imitation”: Washington Post, Sept. 30, 1934.
237 “Albert Winton, Los Angeles”: Los Angeles Times, Feb. 4, 1934.
237 “this grave turn”: George W. Cumbler to British Consulate Office, Oct. 17, 1934, RGS.
237 Only years later: Hemming, Die If You Must, p. 700.
238 “The Indians are going”: New York Times, Aug. 12, 1939.
238 “I tried to save”: O Globo, Aug. 23, 1946.
238 In 1947: See Childress, Lost Cities and Ancient Mysteries of South America, pp. 303–5.
239 “You have always”: Hinks to Nina Fawcett, Oct. 25, 1928, RGS.
239 “more than one passport”: Nina Fawcett to A. Bain Mackie, June 20, 1935, RGS.
239 “My heart is lacerated”: Nina Fawcett to Large, May 6, 1929, Fawcett Family Papers.
240 “Lady Fawcett is suffering”: A. Bachmann to Hinks, Feb. 12, 1934, RGS.
240 “so that they shall”: Nina Fawcett to Large, Fawcett Family Papers.
240 “I shall act on”: Edward Douglas Fawcett to Hinks, 1933, RGS.
240 “I am one”: Nina Fawcett to Thomas Roch, March 10, 1934, RGS.
240 Large referred to: Large to Nina Fawcett, April 16, 1925, Fawcett Family Papers.
240 “The return of her”: Mackie to Goodwin, Nov. 21, 1933, TNA.
240 “I get the impression”: Nina Fawcett to Reverend Monseigneur Couturon, July 3, 1933, RGS.
241 “the most primitive”: Moennich, Pioneering for Christ in Xingu Jungles, p. 9.
241 In 1937: Ibid., pp. 17–18.
241 “In his dual nature”: Percy Harrison Fawcett, epilogue to Exploration Fawcett, p. 301.
241 “not only to learn”: Moennich, Pioneering for Christ in Xingu Jungles, pp. 124–26.
241 “perhaps the most famous”: New York Times, Jan. 6, 1935.
241 a “freak”: “The ‘Grandson,' ” Time, Jan. 24, 1944.
241 “matters are rather”: Hinks to Morel, Feb. 16, 1944, RGS.
242 When they examined: Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 123.
242 “living specimens”: Marsh, “Blond Indians of the Darien Jungle,” p. 483.
242 “They are golden”: Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1924.
242 “Feel the girl's neck”: New York Times, July 9, 1924.
242 “relic of the Paleolithic”: New York Times, July 7, 1924.
242 “closer to nature”: Washington Post, Oct. 16, 1924.
243 “no home”: Nina Fawcett to Joan, Sept. 6, 1946, Fawcett Family Papers.
243 “You've been”: Brian Fawcett to Nina, Dec. 5, 1933, Fawcett Family Papers.
243 “it means certain”: Everild Young to Colonel Kirwan, Sept. 24, 1946, RGS.
CHAPTER 23: THE COLONEL'S BONES
249 “The whole”: Percy Harrison Fawcett, “Proposal for a S. American Expedition” (proposal), April 4, 1924, RGS.
249 “There is reason”: Dyott, Manhunting in the Jungle, p. 224.
250 “Everywhere he went”: Villas Boas and Villas Boas, Xingu, p. 165.
252 “Up that way”: In 1998, Vajuvi told a similar story to the British adventurer Benedict Allen, who made a film about his journey for the BBC entitled The Bones of Colonel Fawcett.
253 “The upper jaw”: “Report on the Human Remains from Brazil,” 1951, RAI.
255 “One of them”: Basso, Last Cannibals, pp. 78–86.
CHAPTER 24: THE OTHER WORLD
256 “Are you alive”: Esther Windust to Nina Fawcett, Oct. 10, 1928, PHFP.
256 “We shall see”: Mrs. Mullins to Nina Fawcett, Feb. 9, 1928, Fawcett Family Papers.
256 “Her life flows”: Edward Douglas Fawcett to Arthur R. Hinks, 1933.
257 Toward the end: Reeves, Recollections of a Geographer, pp. 198–99. 257 In the early 1940s: Leal, Coronel Fawcett, pp. 213–15.
257 In 1949: Cummins, Fate of Colonel Fawcett, p. 143.
257 “ Pain—stop pain”: Ibid., p. 58.
257 “The voices and sounds”: Ibid., p. 111.
257 “I really don't”: Brian Fawcett to Joan, Sept. 3, 1945, Fawcett Family Papers.
257 “Have you really”: Nina Fawcett to Joan, April 22, 1942, Fawcett Family Papers.
257 “In a way”: Brian Fawcett to Joan, Sept. 3, 1945, Fawcett Family Papers.
258 “The time has come”: Brian Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 124.
258 “wild, despairing”: Brian Fawcett to Joan, Sept. 3, 1945, Fawcett Family Papers. 258 “the pathetic relics”: Percy Harrison Fawcett, introduction to Exploration Fawcett, p. xiii.
258 “I feel that”: Brian Fawcett to Joan, Sept. 3, 1945, Fawcett Family Papers.
258 “on his expeditions”: Fawcett, introduction to Exploration Fawcett, p. xiii.
258 “Daddy seems very”: Brian Fawcett to Nina, April 1, 1951, Fawcett Family Papers.
258 “It really is”: Brian Fawcett to Nina, May 15, 1952, Fawcett Family Papers.
258 “I simply couldn't”: Nina Fawcett to Joan, Dec. 14, 1952, Fawcett Family Papers.
259 Brian and Joan: Williams, introduction to AmaZonia, p. 20. 259 “sacrificed”: Ibid.
259 “without satisfying”: Brian Fawcett to Sir Geoffrey Thompson, May 20, 1955, FO 371/114106, TNA. 259 “just as mad”: Thompson to I. F. S. Vincent, May 19, 1955, FO 371/114106, TNA.
259 “But … but”: Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 217.
260 “Fate must surely”: Ibid., p. 284. 260 “That looks like”: Ibid., p. 245.
260 “The whole romantic”: Ibid., p. 301.
260 “I do not assume”: Percy Harrison Fawcett, “Memorandum Regarding the Region of South America Which It Is Intended to Explore” (proposal), 1919, RGS. 260 “the cradle of”: Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 299.
260 “the time”: “The Occult Interests of Col. P. H. Fawcett,” n.d., n.p., PHFP.
260 “Was Daddy's whole”: Williams, introduction to AmaZonia, p. 7.
260 ?
??an objective that”: Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 301.
260 “Those whom the Gods”: Fawcett to Windust, March 5, 1923, PHFP.
CHAPTER 25: Z
261 One sect, called: Details about the sect come from Leal, Coronel Fawcett, and my interviews.
263 “I was all she had”: Brian Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 307.
264 “My story is lost”: Cummins, Fate of Colonel Fawcett, p. 43.
265 “throwing away”: Fawcett, Ruins in the Sky, p. 301.
271 “very little scratching”: Percy Harrison Fawcett, “Memorandum Regarding the Region of South America Which It Is Intended to Explore” (proposal), 1919, RGS.
273 Heckenberger has helped: For further information on Heckenberger's discoveries, see The Ecology of Power.
273 Other scientists: My descriptions of the revolution in archaeology in the Amazon come from my interviews with many of the anthropologists and other scientists who are or were working in the field, including William Denevan, Clark Erickson, Susanna Hecht, Michael Heckenberger, Eduardo Neves, James Petersen, Anna Roosevelt, and Neil Whitehead. My information is also derived from many of these and other scholars' published research. See, for instance, “Secrets of the Forest” and Moundbuilders of the Amazon, by Roosevelt; “The Timing of Terra Preta Formation in the Central Amazon,” by Neves; and Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology, edited by Balée and Erickson. For a general survey of the latest scientific developments that are overturning so much of what was once believed about the Americas before Columbus, see Mann's 1491.
274 Some archaeologists now: A team of archaeologists claims that at a site in Monte Verde, Chile, there are indications of human presence from more than thirty-two thousand years ago, which, if true, would further shatter the traditional theory of how and when the Americas were first settled.
275 “no mirage”: Roosevelt, “Secrets of the Forest,” p. 26.
275 “With some caveats”: Interview with author.
SELECTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adamson, Jack H., and H. F. Folland. The Shepherd of the Ocean: An Account of Sir Walter Ralegh and His Times. Boston: Gambit, 1969.
American Geographical Society. “Correspondence.” Geographical Review 15, no. 4 (1925).