Praise for
JOHN C. WRIGHT
“One of the most eloquent, articulate, intelligent voices in genre fiction. I don’t say this lightly but I really do believe he is our modern C.S. Lewis.”
—LARRY CORREIA, author of Monster Hunter International and The Grimnoir Chronicles
“Wright may be this fledgling century's most important new SF talent.”
—PUBLISHER'S WEEKLY
“Every now and then someone comes along who not only can say things nicely, but can say important things nicely. That somebody, in the modern age, is John C. Wright. ”
—TOM KRATMAN, author of Caliphate and A Desert Called Peace
“An elegant stylist and a true visionary.”
—LIBRARY JOURNAL
TRANSHUMAN AND SUBHUMAN: Essays on Science Fiction and Awful Truth by John C. Wright
Published by Castalia House
Kouvola, Finland
www.castaliahouse.com
This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher, except as provided by Finnish copyright law.
This is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are products of the author’s imagination or are used in a fictitious manner. Any similarity to actual people, organizations, and/or events is purely coincidental.
Copyright © 2014 by John C. Wright
All rights reserved
Cover Design: JartStar
Cover Image: Jeremiah Humphries
Editor: Vox Day
Version 002
DEDICATION
A cloud was on the mind of men, and wailing went the weather,
Yea, a sick cloud upon the soul when we were boys together.
Science announced nonentity and art admired decay;
The world was old and ended: but you and I were gay;
Round us in antic order their crippled vices came—
Lust that had lost its laughter, fear that had lost its shame.
Like the white lock of Whistler, that lit our aimless gloom,
Men showed their own white feather as proudly as a plume.
Life was a fly that faded, and death a drone that stung;
The world was very old indeed when you and I were young.
They twisted even decent sin to shapes not to be named:
Men were ashamed of honour; but we were not ashamed.
—G.K. Chesterton (1908)
To all the readers and friends who came to my aid in my hour of need: Robert James Wigard, Mark Ping, Dave Stumpf, Pierce Oka, Brian Niemeier, Brian Love, Joel C. Salomon, Ben Zwycky, Ryan McGrath, Jean M. Balconi, Nathan McClellan, Michael F. Flynn.
Introduction
The Wright Stuff
—by Michael F. Flynn
Some of you, upon spying this collection, perhaps upon a remainder table in a cobwebbed bookstore or on a radhi-pile in the back alleys of Royapuram in Old Madras, may rightly wonder to yourself, “John Wright? Who he, hah?”
If you have been already enjoying his rants and essays on-line, no introduction is needed; so why are you reading this? But some have perhaps read what Publisher’s Weekly called his “ornate and conceptually dense prose” in the Golden Age or Orphans of Chaos trilogies or, more recently in his Count to the Eschaton sequence (It’s too late to call it a trilogy), and have picked up this volume out of curiosity.
Still others have wondered whether there is somewhere a non-medicinal remedy for low blood pressure.
Wonder no more. Some of these essays are guaranteed to raise your blood pressure sufficiently that blood will squirt from your eyes like soda from a shaken can. So read them carefully. And wear safety goggles.
If you agree with Mr. Wright, you will be taken for an entertaining ride. If you do not agree, I ask you to keep in mind Robert A. Heinlein’s dictum: “I never learned anything from a man who agreed with me.”
“Ornate and conceptually dense prose” will often carry multiple meanings. Mr. Wright launched into life as a lawyer and has the Way Cool mind power of laying out an ordered and orderly argument, something to which the Late Modern is so unaccustomed that he might dash his foot upon an unexpected syllogism and hop about in excruciating pain. But Mr. Wright is also quite able to rabble-rouse a jury and some of his polemics are pure entertainment, on the order of John Belushi writhing on the floor on the old SNL.
In “The Hobbit, or, the Desolation of Tolkien”, Mr. Wright is assaulted again and again by the Hammer of Stupidity, and recalls a poster for the movie:
“Upon seeing that odd poster, a spasm like biting with a tooth whose filling has worked loose onto a chip of ice wrapped in tinfoil and hot mustard jolted through my unwarned brain.”
He is more serious when marking the milestones on the road to perdition in “Transhuman and Subhuman” and discusses the path toward:
“…the four stages of a decay toward the nihilist abyss: the worldly man, the cultist, the occultist, the anarchist. …The Worldly Man is content to mind his own business and seek his own pleasures after his own fashion, and demands his neighbors do the same. The business he minds is to maintain the public peace (as in STARSHIP TROOPERS) and to get laid (as in STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND).
When Mr. Wright talks about “Saving Science Fiction from Strong Female Characters” it will be well to pause and wonder what he’s getting at rather than succumb to a knee-jerk reaction to the literalist meaning of the title. Such reactions typically owe more to the make-up of the knee than to the substance of the mallet. (A hint: if a female character is relentlessly praised as “kickass,” what victory is it exactly that has been won over the masculinist values of the Patriarchy?)
Mr. Wright has been known to write namby-pamby fantasy with no anchor in reality, in contrast to my own firmly grounded, scientifical tales of galactic empires, tunnels through space-time, immortal Danish madmen, and similar accounts. But whether fantasy or science fiction, Wright shows a broad grasp of our genre. You will find here appreciations or critiques of Gene Wolfe, A.E. van Vogt, Keith Laumer, Ted Chiang, Arthur C. Clarke, Philip Pullman, and others. In each case, he takes one or more of their stories and analyzes what works or fails to work, why it resonates with us or not. Contemplating Snow White and her little woodland helpers, he writes:
If, like me, you have too much free time on your hands, you have probably wondered why Snow White, at least as Walt Disney portrays her tale, has small woodland animals to help her with her household chores, with bunnies and chipmunks scrubbing dishes, songbirds helping to sew and fawns dusting the furniture with their white tails. If, like me, you have too much education on your hands, you probably have used Aristotelian categories to analyze the question.
Few are the authors who could create an Aristotelian discourse out of Snow White. But in “Whistle While You Work”, Wright leads us to an intriguing thesis regarding the very different ways in which a) Snow White and b) Tarzan of the Apes interact with their animal buddies.
Regarding Laumer’s The Glory Game, he looks at how noir sensibilities inform a certain subset of science fiction and where they lie on the hedonist-to-nihilist scale.
Noir stories are not nihilist stories, albeit they are cantilevered over the abyss of nihilism and dangle their toes.
He criticizes Pullman’s His Dark Materials in “The Golden Compass Points in No Direction”, less on Pullman’s atheism than on the failure of his art, where he sacrificed story in order to preach
a sermon. Authorial promises are made, but not delivered. Character arcs veer off course. “Chekhov’s gun” remains unfired.
Mr. Pullman started with a story, a Paradise Lost version where Lucifer was the good guy facing impossible odds by defying an unconquerable god; but he ended with a message, where there are no odds because there is no god, merely a drooling idiot. So all plot logic flies out the window….
We cannot close this introduction without some comment on Mr. Wright’s well-known stance on the shortfalls of the Late Modern Age. That he’s agin’ ‘em should elicit no calls for the smelling salts. He is an unapologetic devotee of logic and reason and Western Civilization, and in fact was so even years ago when he was an atheist. To some measure, this makes him a conservative as Late Moderns dice and slice the political psyche. But by other measures, he is a liberal of the old, romantic sort. (Recall Chesterton’s aphorism that while he still believes in liberalism, he no longer believes in liberals.) And by still other measures, he cuts crosswise to Late Modern categories entirely, being a refugee from an earlier age. The fault may lie in the wrong measures rather than in the Wright author.
So you will find here too faint echoes of the distant horns of Elfland, sometimes in the most unlikely places such as “Science Fiction: What’s it Good for?”. He actually believes in art and beauty and that even the hardest of hard SF is all about magic and myth.
“So a movement started to expunge the gold and purple, the glory and the nobility, the gaiety and wonder, and most of all the miracles from art and literature.”
Neither does he make a secret where he locates the wellsprings of Truth and Beauty. His logic and reason dragged him by the neocortex toward the bosom of Mother Church. Reason wasn’t the only factor—there was another impetus as well—but he has often said that if Vulcans had a religion they would be Catholics. The Church too found much to admire in the old pagan Stoics. She just didn’t think it was enough.
The connection of reason and faith is so iron-bound that Mr. Wright can wonder whence comes the “Faith in the Fictional War between Science Fiction and Faith”? Science Fiction is, after all, full of the images and tropes of faith, and all stories that resonate with readers derive in one way or another from the “greatest story ever told.” Wandering too far from this core is not merely theologically unsound, it is bad art.
“Pullman was as blasphemous as Heinlein in STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND, but not as funny….”
On a personal note, I first met Mr. Wright at a Philcon several years ago, when we were booked to do autographing in the same time slot. He is a fellow of impressive stature, gentle and good-natured unless aroused, widely educated in the great books of Western Civilization—funny how often that leads to the Tiber—and an entertaining conversationalist.
The autographing session was scheduled around lunchtime and just before it was to start, the lovely and talented Mrs. Wright—L. Jagi Lamplighter—brought him his lunch, which she had secured elsewhere at the con. And then Mr. Wright did two remarkable things.
First, he divided his lunch in half and offered one half to me. Second, he bowed over his lunch, crossed himself, and said Grace.
You don’t often see both grace and Grace together at an SF con.
Transhuman and Subhuman
I am intensely skeptical of Transhumanist ambitions. Much as I admire their intermediate goals of increasing human lifespan or human comfort through medical technology, their long term goals cause me reservations, or even revulsion. Allow me to explain using the most indirect means possible: by discussing fantasy stories.
Anyone who does not sense or suspect that modernity is missing something, something important that once we had and now is lost, has no heart for High Fantasy and no taste for it.
I don’t regard this statement as controversial. To me it seems not worth discussing that the present age differs from the past. The only question worth discussing is the nature of the differences, and, by extension, the nature of the future the present trends will tend to create.
What is wrong with the world? Where are we heading?
Are we heading toward the higher peak of the superhuman, or to a subhuman abyss? If I may be permitted a drollery, let me phrase it this way: shall our children be the Slans of A.E. van Vogt, or the Morlocks of H.G. Wells?
A philosophical discussion would use different terminology and would bore to tears readers not philosophically inclined. So instead of discussing the nature and extent of the influence of Locke and Marx and Shaw and Nietzsche, let me discuss instead more popular manifestations more fun to read, that is, science fiction writings, and discuss the nature of the influence of J.R.R. Tolkien, and Robert E. Howard, Michael Moorcock, of Robert Heinlein, Ayn Rand, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Peter Watts.
This may seem an odd way to proceed, to discuss a philosophical problem in terms of science fiction yarns. It is not odd at all. Art, including popular art like genre fiction, is an attempt to put one’s view of the world into a succinct and concrete example or image: And the drama of art issues from the innate drama of the world, its wonders and horrors.
Readers of science fiction have an advantage of perspective over readers who limit themselves to mainstream books, namely, that any works taking place in a year as yet unborn, or in a world as yet unknown, must concentrate their attention on those things we take for granted; because in worlds to come they may indeed no longer be taken for granted, nor exist at all.
The science fiction reader, as if from the vantage point of some shining skyscraper of the future, can look back through time to this our present, and see what we here might not.
Fantasy likewise occupies a different vantage. A reader of fantasy stands outside of time altogether, as if atop the haunted mountain of far and unvisited Kadath topped by the onyx citadel of the dream gods, or the scarred and smoking slopes of sinister Mount Doom where evil was forged, and he looks from a dreamland or a Middle Earth – where magic lives in all its horror and wonder – into a world, our world, a grayer world, where magic does not.
The main difference between fantasy fiction and realistic fiction is the presence of magic. The main difference between Tolkien-style fantasy and Robert E. Howard-style fantasy is the attitude toward magic.
In High Fantasy, magic is usually not magic at all, but miracle: a wondrous good beyond hope reaching from without the edges of the world. When Gandalf the Gray returns from the dead as Gandalf the White, that is not a Raise Dead spell. There is also, like its shadow, black magic, which has a satanic character and tone. The practitioners are necromancers and witches, and not friendly witches like Glinda or Sabrina or Samantha or Hermione, but cruel witches like Achren or Jadis.
High Fantasy occupies the mental universe where (1) truth is true, (2) goodness is good, and (3) life is beautiful unless marred by sin and malice, and when marred life may yet, not without terrible price, be saved.
That this is an honest, virtuous, and sublime picture of the universe is a high matter for debate beyond the scope of this essay: for now, let us accept for the sake of argument that it is a healthy view of the universe, one suitable for the psychology of human life, and joy.
In Sword-and-Sorcery, by contrast, the magic is malign: Conan kills evil sorcerers with the edge of the sword. There is magic afoot in the world, but it is cruel, and to study it leads one along the paths of madness. Any benevolent magic tends to be the aid of wise men or the caprice of unseen powers as unexpected as a dolphin helping a drowning sailor stay afloat. This is the view of magic the pagans of old had: something that disgusted and terrified even those who indulged in it.
There is not a separate name for the genre that follows Gary Gygax or Michael Moorcock or Jack Vance, but we should note many a story where the magic power is nothing more than an alternate technology, to be used for good or ill as the practitioner sees fit. There is no spiritual element to such depictions at all. Let us call it Sword-and-Magic-User fiction.
In the mental universe depicted by Sword-and-Sor
cery or Sword-and-Magic-User, the noticeable thing lacking is a figure like Aslan in Narnia or Elbereth in Middle-Earth. There is no Christ; no Virgin Mary. Men like Conan and (ironically) Solomon Kane are on their own. Elric, Corum, and the like are also on their own: a universe torn between forces of inhuman law and inhuman chaos lacks the sense of hierarchy implied by High Fantasy, where Prince Caspian serves Aslan who in turn serves the Emperor-Beyond-the-Sea.
High fantasy has a Roman Catholic flavor to it, whereas Sword-and-Sorcery is somewhat Protestant. Conan in particular represents the rebellion of a healthy barbarian against a corrupt and over-civilized decadence. Truth might still be true, but you are on your own to find it: no authority speaks with authority. Gandalf may come from the Blessed Lands, but not Ningauble of the Seven Eyes.
Again, Sword-and-Magic-User tales are syncretic, polytheistic, disinterested in things of the spirit. Call it Unitarian.
Science fiction is about the magic of the future. It differs from other magical stories because the magic is metaphorical: it concerns the miracles of modern science rather than the miracles of God; the magic of technology rather than the magic of hobgoblins. It differs from other genres because we or our children may one day see scientific miracles come to pass, even as readers of Jules Verne and their children saw in their day such fantastic things as the submarine, the flying machine, the moonshot.