33. Denver Rocky Mountain News, June 18, 1866.
34. Athearn, “Sherman and the Western Railroads,” p. 43.
35. Omaha Weekly Herald, Feb. 22, 1866.
36. The material in the preceding paragraphs is taken from Union Pacific Railroad, Excursion to the Hundredth Meridian: From New York to Platte City (1867 pamphlet). There is a copy in the UP Archives, Omaha.
37. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 76.
38. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, p. 51.
39. Ibid., p. 62.
40. Ibid., pp. 78–79; Grenville Dodge, Report of the Chief Engineer for 1866 (Washington, D.C.: Philip & Solomons, 1868), p. 11.
41. Dodge, Report of 1866, pp. 27–30.
42. Ibid., pp. 13–16.
43. Ibid., pp. 70–72.
44. The Reed telegrams to Durant are in the UP Archives.
45. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, pp. 82–83.
46. Ibid., pp. 18–20.
CHAPTER NINE: THE CENTRAL PACIFIC ASSAULTS THE SIERRA
1. Thomas C. Cochran, Railroad Leaders 1845–1890, p. 1.
2. Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of California, vol. 7, pp. 551–52.
3. George Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 125.
4. Sacramento Union, Jan. 13, 1866.
5. Omaha Weekly Herald, Nov. 2, 1866.
6. The Hopkins-Huntington letters are in Collis Huntington Papers, Library of Congress. The Cohen quote is from Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 88.
7. Sacramento Union, Nov. 25, 1865.
8. Quoted in Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 123.
9. John Hoyt Williams, A Great and Shining Road, p. 130.
10. Charles Crocker interview, Bancroft Library.
11. Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 130.
12. Charles Crocker Memoir, Bancroft Library.
13. Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 131.
14. Quoted in Wesley S. Griswold, A Work of Giants, p. 156.
15. Dutch Flat Enquirer, April 27 and June 2, 1866.
16. Quoted in Southern Pacific Bulletin, June 1927; Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 133.
17. Quoted in Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 136.
18. Clement to Stanford, July 21, 1887, U.S. Pacific Railway Commission, exhibit no. 8, p. 2576.
19. Quoted in Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 134.
20. Quoted in Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 149.
21. Ibid.
22. Quoted in Sacramento Union, Oct. 23, 1866.
23. Dutch Flat Enquirer, Oct. 30, 1866.
24. Sacramento Union, Nov. 27, 1866.
25. Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 142.
26. Alexander Saxton, “The Army of Canton in the High Sierra,” Pacific Historical Review, vol. 35 (June 1966), p. 147.
27. Ibid., p. 143; Thomas W. Chinn, ed., A History of the Chinese in California, p. 45.
28. John J. Stewart, The Iron Trail to the Golden Spike, p. 133; Chinn, ed., Chinese in California, p. 45.
29. Dutch Flat Enquirer, Dec. 25, 1866.
30. Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 136; Southern Pacific Bulletin, July 1924.
31. Sacramento Union, Dec. 27, 1866.
32. Ibid.
33. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, Dec. 22, 1866, Huntington Papers.
34. George Kraus, “Chinese Laborers and the Construction of the Central Pacific,” Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 37, no. 1 (Winter 1969), p. 49.
35. Kraus, High Road to Promontory, pp. 142–43.
CHAPTER TEN: THE UNION PACIFIC TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
1. Wesley S. Griswold, A Work of Giants, p. 210.
2. The Reed telegrams are in Samuel Reed Papers, transcribed by Don Snoddy.
3. John Hoyt Williams, A Great and Shining Road, pp. 146–47.
4. The Reed diaries and letters are in Reed Papers; thanks to Don Snoddy for transcribing them for me.
5. E. C. Lockwood, “With the Casement Brothers While Building the Union Pacific,” Union Pacific Magazine, Feb. 1931, p. 3.
6. Omaha Weekly Herald, April 12, 1867.
7. Robert G. Athearn, “General Sherman and the Western Railroads,” p. 422.
8. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 208.
9. Grenville M. Dodge, How We Built the Union Pacific Railway, p. 14.
10. Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 147.
11. Reed to Mrs. Reed, April 27, 1867, Reed Papers.
12. Grenville Dodge, Romantic Realities: The Story of the Building of the Pacific Roads. (Omaha, Neb.: Union Pacific Railroad, 1891), p. 17.
13. Reed to Mrs. Reed, May 6, 1867, Reed Papers.
14. Chicago Tribune, Aug. 20, 1867.
15. Ibid., June 18, 1867.
16. Ferguson diary, UP Archives, Omaha.
17. Maury Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 136.
18. Ferguson Journal, Utah State Historical Society.
19. Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 150.
20. Dodge, How We Built, pp. 15–16.
21. Ferguson Journal, Utah State Historical Society.
22. Dodge, How We Built, p. 20; Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 103.
23. Dodge, How We Built, p. 117.
24. Ibid., p. 105; Andrew Rosewater, “Finding a Path Across the Rocky Mountain Range,” Union Pacific Magazine, Jan. 1923, pp. 6–7.
25. Robert Miller Galbraith, “Life on the Railroad,” interview, in Carbon County Museum, Rawlins, Wyo.
26. My thanks to Richard Snow, editor of American Heritage, for sending me a copy of Benét’s story.
27. Henry Morton Stanley, My Early Travels and Adventures in America and Asia, vol. 1, pp. 154–57.
28. Reed to Mrs. Reed, Aug. 15, 1867, Reed Papers.
29. Stanley, My Early Travels, vol. 1, pp. 163–67.
30. Samuel Bowles, Our New West: Records of Travel: A Full Description of the Pacific Railroad (Hartford, Conn.: Hartford Publishing, 1869), pp. 56–57.
31. Chicago Tribune, June 18, 1867.
32. Dodge, How We Built, pp. 118–19.
33. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 104.
34. Ibid., pp. 106–7.
35. New York Tribune, Jan. 18, 1867.
36. Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 16, 1867.
37. Ibid., Aug. 24, 1867.
38. Ferguson diary, UP Archives.
39. New York Tribune, Aug. 8, 1867.
40. Chicago Tribune, Aug. 20, 1867.
41. Quoted in Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 216.
42. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 116. After serving as the chief assistant to President Ulysses S. Grant, beginning in 1869, Rawlins died in 1870.
43. Thomas Hubbard Diary, UP Archives, Omaha.
44. Ibid.
45. Dodge, How We Built, p. 22.
46. Athearn, “General Sherman and the Western Railroads,” p. 43.
47. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 229.
48. Charles Edgar Ames, Pioneering the Union Pacific: A Reappraisal of the Builders of the Railroad (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969), pp. 173–77.
49. Williams, Great and Shining Road, p. 159.
50. Ames, Pioneering the Union Pacific, pp. 196–202.
51. New York Times, Dec. 4, 1867.
52. Chicago Tribune, Nov. 16, 1867.
53. Dodge, How We Built, p. 116.
54. Quoted in John Debo Galloway, The First Transcontinental Railroad, p. 285.
55. G. M. Dodge, Report of the Chief Engineer for the Year 1867 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1868), pp. 26–27.
56. Chicago Tribune, Nov. 16, 1867.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE CENTRAL PACIFIC PENETRATES THE SUMMIT
1. Henry Poor, “Railroad to the Pacific,” in The Golden Spike: A Centennial Remembrance (New York: American Geographical Society, 1969), p. 19.
2. Quoted in Bruce Clement Cooper, Lewis Metzler Clement, p. 7.
3. The details are taken from John R. Gilliss’s speech before the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1870, reprinted in George Kraus, High Road to Promontory, pp. 144–152
.
4. Ibid., p. 146.
5. Ibid.
6. Wesley S. Griswold, A Work of Giants, pp. 190–91.
7. Sacramento Union, March 9, 1867.
8. Clement to Stanford, July 21, 1887, in U.S. Pacific Railway Commission Report No. 2576, pamphlet provided by Cooper-Clement Associates, Ardmore, Pa. 19003.
9. Gilliss’s speech, in Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 145.
10. Ibid., pp. 147–48.
11. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 193.
12. Ibid.
13. Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 159.
14. J. D. Brennan, “The Romance of the Sacramento Division,” Southern Pacific Bulletin, Aug. 1920, p. 4.
15. Charles Crocker to Huntington, Jan. 7, 1867, Collis Huntington Papers. Unless otherwise noted, all correspondence between Huntington and the other members of the board of directors comes out of the Huntington Papers.
16. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 194.
17. Hopkins to Huntington, May 2, 1867.
18. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, May 8, 1867.
19. Charles Crocker to Huntington, Jan. 14, 1867.
20. E. B. Crocker to Hopkins, April 15, 1867; Stanford to Hopkins, April 16, 1867.
21. Kraus, High Road to Promontory, p. 182.
22. Ibid., p. 183.
23. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, Jan. 14, 1867.
24. Same to same, April 23, 1867.
25. Stanford to Huntington, Jan. 7, 1867.
26. On March 8, 1867, and March 9, 1867, in letters to Huntington, E. B. Crocker discusses this matter.
27. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, April 16, 1867.
28. Maury Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 148.
29. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, April 23, 1867.
30. Charles Crocker comments on the Bancroft biography, Bancroft Library, U.C. Berkeley.
31. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 195.
32. Ibid., p. 196.
33. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, May 22 and 27, 1867.
34. Same to same, May 27, 1867.
35. Sacramento Union, July 12, 1867.
36. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 197.
37. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, June 26, 1867.
38. Same to same, June 28, 1867.
39. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 197.
40. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, July 2 and 6, 1867.
41. Huntington to E. B. Crocker, Dec. 28, 1867.
42. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, Sept. 12, 1867.
43. Same to same, July 10, 1867.
44. Same to same, Dec. 20, 1867.
45. Same to same, July 10 and Sept. 12, 1867.
46. Huntington to Charles Crocker, quoted in William Deverell, Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850–1910 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), p. 14.
47. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, Aug. 28, 1867.
48. Sacramento Union, Aug. 30, 1867.
49. Huntington to E. B. Crocker, Oct. 3, 1867.
50. Sacramento Union, Dec. 9, 1867; Crocker to Huntington, Oct. 30, 1867.
51. Huntington to Stanford, Oct. 26, 1867.
52. Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of California, vol. 7, pp. 572–73.
53. Charles Crocker comments on his Bancroft biography, Bancroft Library.
54. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, Nov. 7, 1867.
55. Huntington’s comments on the Bancroft history, Bancroft Library.
56. See Kraus, High Road to Promontory, chap. 11.
57. Ibid., p. 163.
58. See Harry Carman and Charles Mueller, “The Contract and Finance Company and the Central Pacific Railroad,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 14, no. 3 (Dec. 1927).
59. See Hopkins to Huntington, March 16, 1868.
60. Hopkins to Huntington, Dec. 1, 1867.
61. Samuel Bowles, Our New West, p. 67.
62. Bancroft, History of California, vol. 7, p. 570.
CHAPTER TWELVE: THE UNION PACIFIC ACROSS WYOMING
1. E. B. Crocker to Huntington, April 23, 1868, Collis Huntington Papers, Bancroft Library.
2. From the Virginia City [Nevada] Territorial Enterprise, quoted in the Salt Lake Daily Reporter, July 30, 1868.
3. Chicago Leader, July 20, 1868.
4. New York Tribune, Aug. 4, 1867.
5. Ibid., June 30, 1868.
6. Quoted in Robert G. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, pp. 114–15.
7. Salt Lake Daily Reporter, June 20, 1868.
8. New York Tribune, Sept. 18, 1868.
9. Grenville Dodge, Romantic Realities, p. 21.
10. Grenville M. Dodge, How We Built the Union Pacific Railway, p. 23.
11. Ibid., p. 22.
12. Wesley S. Griswold, A Work of Giants, p. 262.
13. Huntington to Stanford, May 22, 1868; E. B. Crocker to Huntington, Oct. 14, 1867; see also Maury Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 150.
14. All these telegrams and hundreds of others are in the UP Archives, Omaha; heartfelt thanks to UP Historian Don Snoddy for typing them all up.
15. Ibid.
16. John Debo Galloway, The First Transcontinental Railroad, p. 159.
17. Ibid.
18. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 150.
19. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 263.
20. David Dary, Seeking Pleasure in the Old West (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1995), p. 118.
21. Reed to Crane, Feb. 28, 1868, Reed Papers.
22. Frontier Index, Dec. 24, 1867.
23. Cheyenne Daily Leader, April 6, 1868.
24. Charles Edgar Ames, Pioneering the Union Pacific, p. 272. When Edward Harriman redid the entire line at the end of the nineteenth century, he went south of the Dale Creek crossing, and the bridge is no longer there. It is possible to walk through the cuts.
25. Reed’s various telegrams are in Reed Papers.
26. Quoted in Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 263.
27. Dodge’s April 16, 1868, telegram to Browning is in UP Archives, Omaha.
28. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 151.
29. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 264.
30. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 272.
31. James Ehernberger and Francis Gschwind, Sherman Hill (Callaway, Neb.: E.G. Publications, 1978), pp. 14–17.
32. Ferguson Journal, Utah State Historical Society.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. David Lemon, “An Experience on the Road,” Union Pacific Magazine, May 1924, pp. 5–6.
36. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 151.
37. Henry Morton Stanley, My Early Travels and Adventures in America and Asia, vol. 1, p. 211.
38. Ferguson Journal, Aug. 17, 1868, Utah State Historical Society.
39. Ibid., July 21, 1868.
40. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, p. 291.
41. Morris Mills, “With the Union Pacific Railroad in the Early Days,” Annals of Wyoming, vol. 3, no. 4 (April 1926), p. 200.
42. Chicago Tribune, July 16 and Aug. 18, 1868.
43. Mills, “With the Union Pacific,” p. 201.
44. Maury Klein, “The Coming of the Railroad and the End of the Great West,” Invention and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3 (Winter 1995), p. 14.
45. Ferguson Journal, June 23, 1868, Utah State Historical Society.
46. Quoted in Klein, “Coming of the Railroad,” pp. 14–15.
47. Charles Edgar Ames, Pioneering the Union Pacific, p. 247; Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 156.
48. Ames, Pioneering the Union Pacific, p. 275.
49. Griswold, Work of Giants, pp. 270–71.
50. Ames, Pioneering the Union Pacific, p. 283.
51. Quoted in ibid., pp. 283–84.
52. Quoted in ibid., p. 287.
53. Quoted in Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 165.
54. Salt Lake Daily Reporter, Aug. 21, 1868.
55. Quoted in Athearn, Union Pacific Country, p. 114.
56. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, pp. 168–69.
57. Ibid., p. 175.
>
58. Western Railroad Gazette, Sept. 5, 1868.
59. Salt Lake Daily Reporter, Dec. 15, 1868.
60. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, p. 176.
61. Western Railroad Gazette, Nov. 30, 1868.
62. Huntington to Mark Hopkins, May 30, 1868.
63. Klein, Birth of a Railroad, pp. 178–79.
64. Ames, Pioneering the Union Pacific, p. 287.
65. Salt Lake Daily Reporter, Sept. 30, 1868.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: BRIGHAM YOUNG AND THE MORMONS MAKE THE GRADE
1. Wesley S. Griswold, A Work of Giants, p. 274.
2. John Debo Galloway, The First Transcontinental Railroad, pp. 241, 244.
3. Robert G. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, pp. 69–71.
4. Young to Reed, Aug. 10, 1866, and to Dodge, Nov. 5, 1866, Brigham Young Papers.
5. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, pp. 69–71.
6. Ibid., pp. 75–78.
7. Salt Lake Deseret News, May 9, 1868.
8. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, pp. 89–90.
9. Durant to Young, May 6, 1868, Young Papers.
10. Young to Durant, May 6, 1868, Young Papers.
11. Young to Seymour and Reed, May 19, 1868, Young Papers.
12. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, pp. 90–91.
13. Lewis Barney Papers, Archives, Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.
14. Young to Reed, May 29, 1868, Young Papers.
15. Reed to Durant, May 31, 1868, Samuel Reed Papers.
16. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, p. 83.
17. Cheyenne Daily Leader, June 15, 1868, quoted in Athearn, Union Pacific Country, p. 95.
18. Athearn, Union Pacific Country, p. 90.
19. Ibid., pp. 93–94.
20. Cheyenne Daily Leader, June 16, 1868.
21. Dodge, How We Built the Union Pacific Railway, p. 34.
22. Salt Lake Deseret News, Sept. 11, 1868.
23. Ibid., June 5, 1868.
24. Griswold, Work of Giants, p. 270.
25. Clarence A. Reeder, “A History of Utah’s Railroads,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah, 1959.
26. Samuel Schill Papers, Archives, Church of Latter-Day Saints Library, Salt Lake City.
27. Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of Utah (San Francisco: History Company, 1890), p. 754.
28. Galloway, First Transcontinental Railroad, pp. 277–79.
29. Ibid., p. 240.
30. Stanford to Hopkins, June 9, 1868, Huntington-Hopkins correspondence, Bancroft Library, U.C. Berkeley.
31. Young to Stanford, June 23, 1868, Huntington-Hopkins correspondence.
32. Stanford to Young, July 28, 1868, and Young to Stanford, July 29, 1868, Young Papers.