Tuttle comets.
As the Earth's path crosses through the tail of these comets, we have dramatic meteor showers, IE the Leonid's in mid November and the Perseid's in late July and early August. The tail of a comet is called its 'coma' and consist of the gases, rock and ice that is shed as the result of radiation from the Sun striping and vaporizing the surface of the comet. As a comet's orbit gets closer to the Sun, its surface is heated by the increased radiation and causes the particles to be cast off. Most all of these particles are very small (the size of a pea) and pose no danger to Earth, as they are mostly burned up in the upper atmosphere (shooting star) of Earth.
The brilliance of the comet's tail is effected by the reflection of the Sun's radiation on the icy particles. The less visible element of a comet is the 'ion tail' (17), consisting of gases and particles that have been ionized by the Sun's radiation combined with the speed of the comet's movement through the solar system. This ionization is similar to the ionization of the atmosphere at the Earth's North pole, creating the Northern Lights.
Comets are generally categorized as either short term, or long term. The short term comets are generally what we are familiar with here on Earth, some with an occurrence in as little as five years, with their orbit's being quite predictable or periodic. On the other hand, most long term comets have a very far reaching orbit that is quite eccentric compared to the orbit's of the rest of the massive objects in the solar system. These long term comets can appear with little to no notice, as they come from beyond what we call the edge of the solar system, the Oort Cloud, and travel at tremendous speeds compared to other orbiting objects in the solar system. These comets may only appear once every one hundred thousand years or so, and the vast number of these comets have never been seen by modern mankind.
Early man considered the appearance of these 'fireballs' (short period comets as well as a solar eclipse) as a sign of doom.
After the introduction of religion, Prophets would say these were the work of 'evil' or a message from Satan of impending doom, blamed on the misdeeds of the religions followers or because of the non believers (heathens) who mocked their religion's god. Even in today's time, one 'cult' leader believed the appearance of the comet Shoemaker/Levy was a sign that the world was at its end, this Prophet subsequently persuaded the parishioners of his cult to commit suicide so they could go to 'Heaven' as the comet swept by.
The superstitions of mankind are a difficult thing to understand or change and mankind is easily misled by 'false Prophets', proposing their connection to a 'god'.
There are some scientist who believe the Earth's water came from the impact of comets during the formation of the solar system. Although there were comets that impacted the Earth, most of the water on this planet came from the very rock that did form the planet. The water contained in comets has a different hydrogen level than the water that makes up the present day water on Earth. Scientist have since learned of the presence of water in the ancient rocks of this planet and have deduced (correctly), that is how most of the water came to be on the planet.
UNIVERSE: NASCENCY
The Universe is a living, breathing Entity. Every molecule, atom and all energy, including you, are a part of the whole that is the Universe in its entirety. Forget most of what you think you know about the Universe and the world you live in.
Pantheism: The philosophy of German pessimist Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) that the will is absolute, constituting the real and ultimate principal. The doctrine that the Universe in its totality is God. Belief that 'God' is manifested by and throughout the Universe, that 'God' and Universe are one in the same, identical!
Theosophy: Claims the essential truths underlining all systems of religion, teaches a sort of pantheistic evolution that man is a divinity within himself, in which the spirit returns again and again in a series of reincarnations; especially believed by Hinduism.
In the beginning there was a vast nothingness, only two aimlessly wandering masses of an unknown origin, the exact makeup of the two masses is unknown. Today's scientific community would say one mass was comprised of matter, the other of anti-matter, or one mass was the essential element and the other was the catalyst, either mass by its self was impotent.
These two benign masses were drifting in the vastness of the cold bleak emptiness, bulk (18), of which there is no boundary. By chance these two masses came within feeling distance of each other. The closer they got to each other, the stronger the feeling of attraction. As the attraction grew stronger and stronger, the velocity towards each mass kept increasing until they were to a point of unimaginable speed, beyond the excepted laws of physics, exceeding the speed of light (19) by an infinite magnitude. When these two masses finally met, an enormous fulmination occurred and a new magnanimous intelligent energy was created.
The new intelligent energy charged all minute particles in the closeness of this new creation in the emptiness. The di-blastic creation formed new particles that previously did not exist and were only a part of the two original benign masses.
With the tremendous unimaginable heat generated (trillions of degrees Kelvin), new forces were also created, IE: different forms of radiation (high and low intensity); particles of electromagnetism; gravitons (20); photons (21); dark energy; and with all these things the first conscious intelligence, (dark matter) the Eternals (what I call them). As stated, the first particles were of a new heterogeneous origin, these new WIMP (22) particles were brought together by the newly created intelligence, resulting in part was the simple atom, hydrogen.
Other than dark matter, the strongest new force created was electromagnetism. Gravitational force (gravitons) is easily defeated by electromagnetic energy.
As the infant Universe began to expand from its nascency, the gathering cloud of these new forces, elements and gases were held in close proximity by the newly created gravitons and the tremendous forces of electromagnetism and nuclear force. These new atoms of hydrogen were cradled and compressed to the point of creating such tremendous heat the mixture fulminated into a fireball and gave birth to the first star in the newly created Universe. This first star was comprised of almost all of the newly created matter and elements in the Big Bang, (23) and this was the building block for what the Universe has become since.
Within the first star's nuclear furnace, the next new atom, helium, was created as the hydrogen atoms fused. That first star was a giant, consisting of almost all of the new hydrogen atoms created after the Big Bang. After a very short life as a star (less than twenty Earth years) when there was no fuel left for the nuclear furnace, the gigantic core collapsed upon its tremendous gravitational field and exploded, not unlike the Big Bang its self. The explosion released other new heavier elements and caused gravitons to accreted into such a mass that another new phenomenon was created, what we call a black hole (24).
The newly created black hole set the stage for the next generation of new stars, planets and the first galaxy to come into existence, all of the heavier, more complex elements were subsequently created in succeeding stars of a more diverse nature.
With the increasing mass and diversity of the Universe, oxygen and hydrogen combined to form water, which is abundant throughout the Universe in one form or another. Clouds of methane and ethyl alcohol along with other gases also formed and nourished the infant Universe, thus creating even more new diverse elements. Since that first star, new stars are born (created) on a continuing basis in the swirling clouds of gas and radiation known as nebulae throughout the Universe.
Interstellar hydrogen gas is not found uniformly throughout the Universe; instead it is found in patches because gravitational attraction pulls like particles together. Millions of years after the Big Bang, some as yet unknown force (to scientist) disrupted the large cloud of hydrogen gas causing it to break up into smaller clumps of gas, from which a proto-star is born.
There are many different types and classes of stars as they grow from proto-star to maturity. A
young proto-star will spend its first stage of development trying to maintain some sort of balance. The mass of the hydrogen core will begin to release electromagnetic forces to counteract the gravitational pull of the core, this causes the mass to swell and contract until it reaches an equilibrium, this stage of development is referred to as the T Tauri phase. Once the young star is stabilized, it enters a period known as, the main sequence (nuclear fusion). Almost all hydrogen core stars we can see are in the main sequence.
During the main sequence, the hydrogen atoms are fused to create helium atoms, and the helium atoms fuse to create other heavier elements and so on and so on. Generally speaking, the larger the core of hydrogen atoms, the quicker the fusion reaction takes place, some very massive stars may only last a few thousand years before the hydrogen is all used up, whereas a small star such as our Sun, fuses slower and will last for many billions of years.
If a proto-star does not have enough mass in its core, it will never create enough pressure in the core to start the nuclear reaction, these failed stars are called brown dwarfs because of their brownish appearance. A red dwarf (25), as implied a red color, is a star