43 Taack (XV–26), p. 371; Bailleu, Paul, Königin Luise: Ein Lebensbild (Berlin and Leipzig 1908), p. 199.
44 Klett (XV–29), p. 145; Leveson-Gower, Lord Granville (First Earl Granville), Private Correspondence 1781 to 1821, edited by Castalia Countess Granville, 2 vols (1916), Vol. II, p. 265.
45 Napoleon (II–14), pp. 367–8.
46 Bailleu (XV–43), p. 210.
47 Taack (XV–26), p. 380.
48 Memoirs of Prince Metternich (1773–1815), edited by Prince Richard Metternich, Vol. II (1880), p. 144.
49 Klett (XV–29), p. 154; Bailleu, Paul, ‘Königin Luise in Tilsit’, Hohenzollern Jahrbuch, 3 Jahrgang (1899), p. 224; Aretz (XV–36), p. 214.
50 Aretz (XV–36), p. 216; Granville (XV–44), II, p. 70; Jackson (XV–24), I, p. 163; Wilson (XV–4), p. 298.
51 Granville (XV–44), II, p. 271.
52 The best account in English is in Wright (XV–22), pp. 169–178, and in German in Taack (XV–26), pp. 398f.; see also Bailleu, ‘Tilsit’ (XV–49).
53 I.e. Taack (XV–26), p. 405; Palmer, Alan, Alexander 1: Tsar of War and Peace (1974), p. 141.
54 Jackson (XV–24); Wilson (XV–4), p. 310.
55 Maass (XV–26), p. III; Richardson, Mrs Charles, Memoirs of the private life and opinions of Louisa, Queen of Prussia (1847), p. 193.
56 Richardson (XV–55), p. 263.
57 Moffat, Mary Maxwell, Queen Louisa of Prussia (1906), p. 308.
58 Louise of Prussia (XV–42), p. 27; Richardson (XV–55), p. 1.
59 See Bellardi, Paul, Königin Luise, ihr Leben und ihr Andenken in Berlin (Berlin 1893), for a description of the many kinds of memorial to Queen Louise; Treitschke, Heinrich von, ‘Königin Luise’ in Historische und Politische Aufsätze, IV (Berlin 1897), pp. 310f.; Kelly, Rev. John, Louisa of Prussia and other sketches (1888), p. 93.
60 Richardson (XV–55), p. 291.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: The Valiant Rani
1 Thornycroft, Elfrida, Bronze and Steel: The Life of Thomas Thornycroft, Sculptor and Engineer (Shipston-on-Stour 1932), pp. 51f.
2 Tennyson, Charles, Alfred Tennyson (1949), p. 323; Tennyson, Alfred, Poetical Works Including the Plays (1953), pp. 224–6.
3 The Letters of Queen Victoria, 2nd Series, 1862–1878, edited by G. E. Buckle, 2 vols, Vol. II (1926), p. 119.
4 Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, Vic. Add. E1/1048.
5 Tahmankar, D. V., The Ranee of Jhansi (1958), p. 19.
6 Tahmankar (XVI–5), pp. 13f.
7 See the most recent biography, Lebra-Chapman, Joyce, The Rani of Jhansi: A Study in Female Heroism in India (Honolulu 1986), pp. 15 and note II, 168 for a discussion of the date, Indian sources mostly reporting 19 November 1835; also Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 23: ‘about 1827’; Smyth, Brigadier the Rt. Hon. Sir John, Bt. VC MC, The Rebellious Rani (1966), p. 11: ‘about 1828’.
8 Shastiko, Pyotri, Nana Sahib, translated by Savitri Shahani (New Delhi 1980), p. 25.
9 See Agnew, Vijay, Elite Women in Indian Politics (New Delhi 1976), p. 3; Gaur, Albertine, Women in India (British Library Publications 1980), passim, esp. pp. 2–25; Gupta, A. R., Women in Hindu Society: A Study in Tradition and Transition (New Delhi 2nd edn 1980), pp. 6f.; Jacobson, Doranne and Wadley, Susan S., Women in India: Two Perspectives (New Delhi 1977), pp. 114f.
10 Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, RA Z502/49.
11 Allen, Charles, A Glimpse of the Burning Plain: Leaves from the Indian Journals of Charlotte Canning (1986), p. 149; Maclagan, Michael, ‘Clemency Canning’: Charles John, 1st Earl Canning. Governor-General and Viceroy of India, 1856–1862 (1962), p. 287.
12 Low, Ursula, Fifty Years with John Company, From the Letters of General Sir John Low of Clatto, Fife: 1822–1858 (1936), p. 176; Russell, W. H., My Diary in India in the year 1858/9, 2 vols (1860), Vol. II, p. 299.
13 Bryce, James, ‘British Opinion and the Indian Revolt’ in Rebellion 1857 (XVI–65), p. 303.
14 Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 28.
15 Maclagan (XVI–II), p. 32.
16 See Sinha, Shyam Narain, Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, with a Foreword by Bisheshwar Prasad (Allahabad 1980), pp. 13f. for a discussion of Hindu adoption law; Maclagan (XVI–II), p. 33 note A.
17 Kaye, J. W., A History of the Sepoy War in India 1857–1858, 3 vols (9th edn 1880), Vol. III, p. 360.
18 Maclagan (XVI–II), p. 316.
19 Private Letters of the Marquess of Dalhousie, edited by J. G. A. Baird (2nd imp. Edinburgh 1911), p. 33; Sen, Surendra Nath, 1857, with a Foreword by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Calcutta 1958), p. xii.
20 Tahmankar (XVI–5), pp. 37–9.
21 Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 39.
22 Kaye (XVI–17), III, p. 362.
23 Dalhousie (XVI–19), p. 427; Diver, Maud, Honoria Lawrence: A Fragment of Indian History (Boston and New York 1936), p. 371.
24 Maclagan (XVI–II), p. 21.
25 Surtees, Virginia, Charlotte Canning, Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Victoria and Wife of the First Viceroy of India 1817–1861 (1975), p. 229; see Hibbert (v–5), pp. 59–60 and 404 note 5 for the evidence re the chupatties; The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1837–1861, edited by A. C. Benson and Viscount Esher, 3 vols (1907), Vol. II, p. 313.
26 Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 54.
27 Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 67.
28 See Sen (XVI–19), pp. 273–9 for the evidence and the pros and cons of the Rani’s guilt/complicity; Rice Holmes, T., A History of the Indian Mutiny (5th edn 1898), pp. 491f., for a characteristically British view.
29 Tahmankar (XVI–5), pp. 7of.
30 Sen (XVI–19), p. 276; Sinha (XVI–16), p. 55.
31 Cit. Tahmankar (XVI–5), pp. 73–5; Sen (XVI–19), p. 279.
32 Sen (XVI–19), Appendix pp. 297–306 for Erskine and the Rani’s letters.
33 Sen (XVI–19), p. 301.
34 Lang cit. Hibbert (V–5), p. 378.
35 Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, RA Z502/49; Hibbert (V–5), p. 378; Clayton (VIII–9), II, p. 180.
36 Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, RA Z502/49; Smyth (XVI–7), p. 195 note 2.
37 Tahmankar (XVI–5), pp. 84 note 1, 90f.
38 Gupta, Pratul Chandra, Nana Sahib and the Rising at Cawnpore (Oxford 1963), pp. 7, 71; Trevelyan, G. O., Cawnpore (1865) for details; Fitzmaurice, Lord Edmond, The Life of Granville George Leveson Gower, Second Earl Granville 1815–1891, 2 vols (1905), Vol. I, p. 253.
39 Gupta (XVI–38), p. 116.
40 See Thompson, Edward, The Other Side of the Medal (1925), p. 83, where it is pointed out that Forrest (XVI–49) avoids any reference to British excesses in three volumes of 1,500 pages, while the Oxford History of India (1919) merely writes (p. 719): ‘the justly infuriated troops took a terrible vengeance’; Sen (XVI–19), p. xvi for British atrocities ‘glossed over’; Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 69 for Prof. R. C. Majumdar’s point: ‘very few’ outside historians have ‘any knowledge’ of the ‘massacre in cold blood’ of the Indians, including women and children.
41 Roberts cit. Smyth (XVI–7), p. 54; Hare, Augustus J. C., The Story of Two Noble Lives, being memorials of Charlotte, Countess Canning and Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford, 3 vols (1893), Vol. II, p. 256 note 1; Maclagan (XVI–II), p. 141; Trevelyan (XVI–38), p. 359.
42 Lowe, Thomas, Central India during the rebellion of 1857 and 1858 (1860), pp. 236–7.
43 Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 120.
44 Lowe (XVI–42), p. 250.
45 Lowe (XVI–42), p. 233.
46 Burne, Major-General Sir Owen Tudor KCS, Clyde and Strathnairn, Rulers of India series (Oxford 1895), p. 116.
47 Smyth (XVI–7), p. 11.
48 Kaye (XVI–17), III, p. 362; Ballhatchet, Kenneth, Race, Sex and Class under the Raj: Imperial Attitudes and Policies and their Critics, 1793–1905 (1980), pp. 2–5.
49 Clayton (VIII–9), II, p. 180; Forrest, G. W., Ex-Director of Records, Government of India, A History of the Indian Mutiny, 3 vols (1912), Vol. I, p. 282.
50 Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, Vic. Add. E1/1048.
51 Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 130; Smyth (XVI–7), p. 135.
52 Savarkar, Barrister, Indian War of Independence (Calcutta 2nd edn 1930), p. 94.
53 Tahmankar (XVI–5), pp. 132, 134; Lowe (XVI–42), p. 259.
54 Lowe (XVI–42), p. 263.
55 Smyth (XVI–7), p. 148.
56 Lowe (XVI–42), p. 301; Tahmankar (XVI–5), p. 140.
57 Savarkar (XVI–52), p. 104; Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, Vic. Add. E1/1048.
58 Smyth (XVI–7), pp. 193f. summarizes the theories concerning the Rani’s death and the sources.
59 Lord Canning’s Notebook cit. Maclagan (XVI–II), p. 220.
60 Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, Vic. Add. E1/1070.
61 Royal Archives, Windsor Castle, Vic. Add. E1/1070; Smyth (XVI–7), p. 11.
62 Malleson, Col. G. B., CSI, History of the Indian Mutiny 1857–1858, 3 vols (1896), Vol. III, p. 221.
63 See Gupta (XVI–38), for the subsequent career of Nana Sahib.
64 Sinha (XVI–16), p. 102 note 11.
65 See Joshi, P. C. (ed.), Rebellion 1857 (New Delhi 1957) for P. C. Gupta, ‘1857 and Hindi Literature’, pp. 225f.; P. C. Joshi, ‘Folk Songs on 1857’ in Rebellion 1857, pp. 271f.
66 Joshi, ‘Folk Songs’ in Rebellion 1857 (XVI–65), p. 277.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Iron Ladies
1 Colville, John, The Fringes of Power: Downing Street Diaries 1939–1955, Vol. I 1939–41 (1986 pbk), p. 447, 20 April 1941.
2 Warner, Marina, The Dragon Empress: Life and Times of Tz’u-Hsi, 1835–1908, Empress Dowager of China (1972), p. 235.
3 Thornycroft (XVI–I), pp. 56–70.
4 Gleichen, Lord Edward, London’s Open-Air Statuary (1928), p. 97.
5 See Warner, Marina, Monuments and Maidens: The Allegory of the Female Form (1985), pp. 49f.
6 Trevelyan, Marie, Britain’s Greatness Foretold: The Story of Boadicea, the British Warrior-Queen (1900), pp. xi, lv, 369.
7 See Hamilton, Cicely, A Pageant of Great Women (1910); Edy: Recollections of Edith Craig, edited by Eleanor Adlard (1949), pp. 38–44; Holledge, Julie, Innocent Flowers: Women in the Edwardian Theatre (1981), pp. 69–71.
8 The Dinner Party (1979) Catalogue, Diehard Productions and Judy Chicago.
9 Grahn, Judy, ‘The Queen of Bulldikery’, Chrysalis, 1980.
10 Milton (IV–32), p. 60.
11 Piggott (IV–9), p. 136.
12 Cit. Grant (III–II), pp. 184–5.
13 Reynolds, Robert, Boadicea: A Tragedy of War (New York 1941), p. 201; Treece, Henry, Red Queen, White Queen (1958), p. 24; Warner, Marina, Imaginary Women, Channel Four Television, 13 July 1986.
14 De Gaulle (I–13), pp. 13–14; Kleist (XV–27), Act 1, scene xv.
15 Ferraro, Geraldine A. with Francke, Linda Bird, My Story (New York 1986), pp. 261f., 273, 314.
16 Seneviratne, Maureen, Sirimavo Bandaranaike: The World’s First Woman Prime Minister (Colombo, Sri Lanka 1975), p. 178.
17 Seneviratne (XVII–16), p. xiv.
18 Carras (I–21), p. 245; Moraes, Dom, Mrs Gandhi (1980), p. 123.
19 Indira Gandhi, Letters to a Friend 1930–1984, Correspondence with Dorothy Norman (1986), p. 12.
20 Shoksi, M., India’s Indira (Bombay 1975), p. 20; Carras (I–21), pp. 47f.
21 Carras (I–21), p. 48; Shoksi (XVII–20), p. 113; Mann, Peggy, Golda: The Life of Israel’s Prime Minister (1972); Raju, R. Sundra, Indira Gandhi: A Short Biography (New Delhi 1980), pp. 5, 96.
22 Moraes (XVII–18), p. 193; Norman (XVII–19), p. 20.
23 Golda Meir Speaks Out, edited by Marie Syrkin (1973), p. 73.
24 Mann (XVII–21), p. 231.
25 Meir, Golda, My Life (1976 pbk), pp. 321, 329.
26 Herzog, Major-General Chaim, The War of Atonement October 1973 (Boston 1975), p. 282.
27 Herzog (XVII–26), p. 282.
28 Mann (XVII–21).
29 Fraser, Cromwell (VI–22), p. 607.
30 Mrs Thatcher’s acute anxiety not to be seen to encroach upon the Queen’s role has been confirmed to the author from a wide variety of sources.
31 International Herald Tribune, 5 November 1987.
32 Observer, 3 January 1988.
33 Sunday Telegraph, 27 July 1986; Young and Sloman (I–18), pp. 95, 52; Jardine (V–4), p. 233.
34 Cosgrave, Patrick, Thatcher: The First Term (1985), pp. 53, 57, 226 note 3; cartoon by Griffin, Daily Express, 24 June 1982.
35 Cosgrave (XVII–34), p. 226 note 3; Arnold, Bruce, Margaret Thatcher: A Study in Power (1984), p. 144.
36 Campbell, Beatrix, The Iron Ladies: Why do Women Vote Tory? (1987), p. 243.
37 Barnett, Anthony, Iron Britannia: Why Parliament Waged its Falklands War (1982 pbk), p. 19.
38 Barnett (XVII–37), p. 19; Cosgrave (XVII–34), pp. 209–10.
39 Wapshott and Brock (I–17), p. 251; Lord Lewin quoted in Young and Sloman (I–18), p. 119; author’s conversation with John Keegan; Sunday Telegraph, 7 June 1987.
40 Daily Mail, 6 October 1987.
41 Comus, ll. 447–50, The Poetical Works of John Milton, edited by H. C. Beeching (new edn 1941), p. 60; Young and Sloman (I–18), p. 142.
42 Janet Watts quoting Julian Critchley, Observer, 24 April 1988; Cosgrave (XVII–34), p. 4.
43 Author’s conversation with a former member of Mrs Thatcher’s Cabinet.
44 Castle, Barbara, The Castle Diaries 1974–76 (1980), pp. 518, 330; The Times, 27 January 1988; Evening Standard Magazine, 5 February 1988.
45 Cosgrave (XVII–34), p. 4; Spare Rib, August 1982.
46 Wapshott and Brock (I–17), illustration.
47 The Times, 12 June 1982.
48 Harris, Kenneth, ‘Margaret Thatcher Talks to the Observer’ (April 1979); Daily Express, 26 July 1982.
49 New Statesman, 28 May 1982; Observer, 23 May 1982; Woman’s Own magazine, 15 June 1985.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Unbecoming in a Woman?
1 Gildas (X–3), p. 301.
2 Camden (XIII–45), p. 117; Spenser (II–5), I, p. 297.
3 Bonduca (VII–II), Act 1, scene i; Howard (XIV–13).
4 Thomson (XIV–17), pp. 375–6; Clark, J.E. D., English Society 1688–1832: Ideology, Social Structure and Political Practice during the Ancien Régime (Cambridge 1985), pp. 179–80.
5 Hall, Mrs Matthew, The Queens Before the Conquest, 2 vols (1854), Vol. I, p. iv.
6 Doughty, Charles M., The Dawn in Britain (1943), pp. 9, 597, 346; Air Commodore Dame Felicity (Hanbury) Peake in conversation with the author, 1986.
7 Cit. Phillips, ‘Woman Ruler’ (XIII–22), p. 220.
8 Huston, Nancy, ‘The Matrix of War: Mothers and Heroes’ in The Female Body in Western Culture: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Susan Rubin Suleiman (1986), pp. 119–38.
9 Mossiker (XIV–9), p. 225; Fuller Ossoli, Margaret, Women in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Arthur B. Fuller (Boston 1874), p. 307.
10 Deutsch, Helene, MD, The Psychology of Women: A Psychoanalytic Interpretation, 2 vols (New York 1944), Vol. I, Ch. 8, pp. 279–324; see Foley, Helene B., ‘The conception of women in Athenian drama’ in Foley (III–5), p. 134.
11 Plutarch (III–20), p. 280.
12 Grant (III–II), p. 84.
13 Marshall, Catherine, Ogden, C. K. and Florence, Mary Sargent, Militarism versus Feminism, edited by Margaret Kamester and Jo Vellacott (1987 pbk reprint), pp. 40, 47, 96, 140.
14 Keegan, John, The Mask, of Command (New York 1987), pp. 345–6, 351.
15 Segal, Lynne, Is the Future Female? Troubled Thoughts on Contemporary Feminism (1987 pbk), p. 198; Kelly, Petra, Fighting for Hope (1984), p. 104; Herodotus (III–3), p. 123; Boccaccio (I–19), p. 104.
16 Fuller Ossoli (XVIII–9), p. 307; Gloria Steinem quoted in Attallah, Naim, Women (1987), p. 543.
17 Dinnerstein, Dorothy, The Rocking of the Cradle and the Ruling of the World (1987 pbk), p. 124, 191, 28, 164, 177.
18 Prescott (XII–12), p. 240.
19 Février (VIII??
?2), p. 36.
20 Tacitus (III–I), p. 330.
21 Lebra-Chapman (XVI–7), p. 128; Strickland (X–15), p. 204.
22 Anglo-Saxon Poetry (X–8), p. 326; Abbott, ‘Women’ (VIII–8), p. 262.
23 Gibbon (I–9), I, p. 302; Breisach (I–21), p. 130.
Antonia Fraser, Warrior Queens
Thank you for reading books on BookFrom.Net Share this book with friends